The Spread of the Reformation

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The Spread of the Reformation

Reformation in Germany Home of M. Luther; Princes of Germany broke from the Catholic Church. The Hapsburgs (powerful family) remained loyal to the Pope. Conflicts between Protestants and Catholics resulted in the Thirty Years’ War.

Reformation in France Protestants in France were called Huguenots. King Henry IV attempted to quiet conflict in France between Catholics and Huguenots. Issued “Edict of Nantes” 1598 – the law granted freedom of religion and rights to French Protestants (Huguenots). Cardinal Richelieu made the 30 Years’ War about politics not religion.

Catholic [Counter] Reformation Church attempts to reform doctrine, end corruption, win back favor of citizenry, and combat popularity of Protestantism with their own Catholic Counter Reformation. Council of Trent ~ (1545) Pope called for a council to look into allegations made by Protestants. Reaffirmed traditional Catholic Views. Put penalties on corrupt clergy. Set up schools to better educate clergy.

Counter Reformation Key Catholic Changes: (different than Protestant beliefs) The Church, not the individual, interpreted the bible. Church traditions had authority over the lives of Christians and was now equal to the Bible’s. 3. Faith alone was not enough to gain salvation a life of good works was required as well.

The Inquisition Committee of 6 cardinals were charged by the Pope to weed out all forms of heresy. (heresy – different ideas or beliefs; a heretic) Inquisition empowered the Pope to prosecute all heretics; essentially these were witch hunts against Protestants Used torture and death to accomplish their mission.

Holy Roman Empire The Holy Roman Empire was a collection of kingdoms within one big empire and proclaimed itself as the successor to the Western Roman Empire It was centered around the Kingdom of Germany While ruled by an emperor, the HRE was a Catholic empire and thus saw the Pope as its true leader The empire was ruled by the Hapsburg family

Thirty Years’ War (1618-1648) Fought over religion, this war involved most of the countries of Europe It was originally fought as a war between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire The Peace of Westphalia ended the war, stating that countries could determine their own faith The Holy Roman Empire was greatly weakened