Applied Exercise Physiology

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Presentation transcript:

Applied Exercise Physiology Muscles

Muscle structure muscle fibres Made up of bundles of Each fibre contains Inter-connected tubes – muscle fibres Myofibrils Mitochondria sarcoplasmic reticulum Nuclei

Muscle fibres Simplest unit = Contains two main proteins – thick filaments - and thin filaments - Slide over each other to cause contraction sarcomere myosin actin

Muscle fibres Have pattern of light and dark bands Dark bands = Light band = Centre of A band = Centre of I band = Sarcomere = A band I band H zone Z line Z line to Z line

Banding A band Myosin produces extends out from each Z line Actin alone forms Myosin without overlap of actin forms A band Actin I band H zone

Sliding-filament hypothesis Nerve impulse arriving at muscle fibre causes that spreads through the muscle fibre's network of This causes the to release The binds to that is present on the actin-containing thin filaments of the myofibrils (action potential) wave of depolarisation T-tubules sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium calcium Troponin

Role of Action Potential (AP) in muscle contraction

Structure of thin actin filament

Sliding-filament hypothesis Troponin alters the shape of Normally the blocks the binding sites for on thin actin filament Once calcium binds to troponin and causes shape change of troponin, the moves, unblocking the tropomyosin tropomyosin myosin tropomyosin binding sites

Sliding filament hypothesis attaches to the newly uncovered binding sites on the thin actin filament and are released – the changes shape Thousands of molecules change shape at same time This pulls the towards each other - shortening the and the I-band Myosin ADP inorganic phosphate myosin myosin Z-bands sarcomere

Sliding-filament hypothesis ATP binds to the and breaks down - the is used to move the myosin into the structure These actions of myosin binding followed by a shape change repeat as long as is available and is present on thin filament myosin energy "cocked back" ATP calcium

Sliding-filament hypothesis Action potential stops - calcium returns to the When no is left on the thin filament - moves back and blocks binding sites again stops binding to thin filament - muscle contractions sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium tropomyosin Myosin cease