Multi-channel Cell Counter Utilizing The Aperture Impedance Technique

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Scientific Method By Joseph A. Castellano, Ph.D.
Advertisements

What happens in the aperture?
1 Copyright © 2011, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved. Size Analysis and Identification of Particles Chapter 4 Roger W. Welker.
The Elzone II 5390 Particle Count and Size Analyzer Solutions for the Grass Carp Industry.
Chemistry 25.4.
OFFLINE COMPOSITION MEASURING SENSORS
Particle Size Sizing Technique 1: Coulter principle
Phase Equilibrium When a gas and a liquid phase which are not thermodynamically in equilibrium are brought into close contact, transfer of one or more.
SVCC Respiratory Care Programs Analysis of ABG Samples.
Introduction to Light Scattering A bulk analytical technique
Chapter 15 Acid-Base Titrations & pH
Electric current DC Circuits AC Circuits. Lecture questions Electric current DC Circuits. Ohm's law Resistance and conductance Conductivity of electrolytes.
Analytic Phase of Laboratory Testing
PARTICLE SIZE ANALYSIS
Electrical Impedance and Colorimetric Measurements Joanna Ellis, MLS(ASCP)
Automation in hematology Until Slide 23
-Automation blood count -Red and White blood count and differential count (Manual blood count) Prepared by: Mona alharbi Experiment:
Chemistry and Imaging. Body Chemistry In order to be an effective health care professional, an individual must have an understanding of basic chemistry.
BY ROBERT ELDER MENTOR: DR. ADAM HIGGINS Development of a Device to Measure Cell Membrane Water Permeability.
Physiology Presentation Roll No.# 218, 224, 230, 236, 242, 248 Muhammad Mohsin Ali Dynamo.
-Automation blood count -Red and White blood count and differential count (Manual blood count) Experiment:
Objectives 1. Methods used to measure the different hematological values, and compare it with the normal values. 2. The calculation of RBC indices, their.
Antigen antibody reactions
3/13/2009IB Physics HL 21 Ultrasound Medical Imaging Physics – IB Objectives I.2.7Describe the principles of the generation and the detection of ultrasound.
Week 5: Electronic Cell Counters
Clinical Haematology & Cell Counting
MEDICAL TESTING Doctor requires information Patient sample collection
CLS 541-Advanced Medical Haematology M. sc. Program Lab-2-
Automation in haematology
Salinity “In one drop of water are found all the secrets of all the oceans”
Clinical pathology: Complete Blood count
3/2003 Rev 1 II.3.4 & 13-15a – slide 1 of 31 Part IIQuantities and Measurements Module 3Principles of Radiation Detection and Measurement Session 4,Liquid.
Copyright © 2016 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw-Hill Education.
RBC, WBC, & PLT Counts.
Medical Laboratory Instrumentation (Blood cell counter) Third Year Dr Fadhl Alakwa UST-Yemen Biomedical Department.
1 Chapter 8B Solution Concentrations. 2 CHAPTER OUTLINE  Concentration Units Concentration Units  Mass Percent Mass Percent  Using Percent Concentration.
HAEMATOLOGY LINE A.C.KAROBIA
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Blood Testing. Learning Objective  To identify the types of tests performed on blood  To explain why these tests are useful  To discover the normal.
CBC & ESR By Dr. Ola Mawlana
Hematology Unit 2 Chapter 8 Automated Analyzers Copyright © 2015 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Contributions to Modern Science GISELLE S. SIGUA III-DARWIN HEALTH GROUP.
White blood cells count
Introduction to Haematology Dr Kate Foley ST5 Haematology.
WBC manual count using Hemocytometer
1 SOFTWARE FOR VERIFICATION OF HOMOGENEITY RESULTS FROM AUTOMATED URINE ANALYZERS IN REAL TIME Waldemar Volanski Ademir Luiz do Prado Geraldo Picheth et.
Clinical laboratory instrumentation
Electrical Impedance and Colorimetric Measurements
Automatic Electronic Blood Cell Counting
Medical Laboratory Instrumentation
Lecture 1 contents The nature of analytical chemistry.
EVALUATION OF HEMOCHROMA POC Hb READER
Radiological Sciences Department Ph.D., Paris-Sud 11 University
14.1: Introduction Blood: Is connective tissue
Micros 60 & Quality Control
Osmotic Fragility Test October 2017 Physiology Lab-3
Blood count Lab 4 Naseem AL-Mthray.
White blood cells count
White blood cell (WBC) count
Packed cell volume (PCV) or Haematocrit (HCT)
Laboratory Technique LAB.
اصول انجام و تضمین کیفیت آزمایشهای غربالگری تالاسمی
CHE 1316 Laboratory Measurements & Techniques
Medical Laboratory Science
RBC & WBC count Dr. Tamara Alqudah.
Kap.11 Clinical laboratory
Kap.11 Clinical laboratory
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
Presentation transcript:

Multi-channel Cell Counter Utilizing The Aperture Impedance Technique Aaron Lee & Dr. Ash M. Parameswaran Simon Fraser University School of Engineering Sciences Burnaby, B.C. Canada V5A 1S6 Email: cleek@sfu.ca This work is sponsored by Brain Insights, California

Overview Introduction Centralized approach Clinical facts Techniques of cell counting Electrical and physical relationships Disposable unit design Conclusion

Thesis Concentration Construction, modeling and testing of the disposable unit and the electronics

Introduction Most people have blood test at some point in their lives Blood is the vital fluid of our body and the quality of blood is an indication of health Measured in number of cells per cubic millimeter of blood

Centralized approach Most blood cell counting today is done by sending the blood samples to a centralized laboratory Very complex system and required skilled personnel to operate Long turn-around time Patient has to visit another time

Commercial blood cell counter 18 cell sizes result and histograms Dimensions: 37x47x38(cm) Weight: 18 kg net Power: AC No portable blood counter in the market

Our challenges Shortens the turn around time Reduce the cost so clinics can afford to own the blood cell counter Miniaturize the testing equipment Maintain or improve accuracy

Blood cell sizes and their normal ranges Blood cell type Sizes (um) Normal Ranges (per mm3) -- Male Female Red blood cell 6-10 4.5-6.5 M 3.9-5.6 M White blood cell 10-20 4.5-11 k 4.5-11k Platelets 2-4 150-350 k

Diseases of the Blood Cell Type Increase count Decrease count WBC RBC Infectious diseases Inflammatory disease Severe emotional Physical stress Tissue damage Bone marrow failure Presence of toxic substance Disease of the liver/spleen Radiation RBC Renal tumor Iron overload in organs Anemia Chronic inflammation Platelet Renal disease Infection or inflammation Uremia Liver disease

Cell count techniques Electrical Optical

Electrical Counting Gain in precision and reproducibility Lower coefficient of variation and complete a large number of determinations quickly Cost of the electrical cell-counting equipments ($2500 to over $50,000) Samples has to be diluted before the count

Constant Current Source Impedance Principle Constant current Insulated chambers Vacuum pump Isotonic electrolytes More on next slide Container Aperture Tube with Aperture Cell 9% NaCl Electrolyte Vacuum Pump Constant Current Source Electrodes Direction of Flow

Impedance Principle (Cont’d) Aperture size is 50-100um “Aperture size: 80 µm for commercial unit” Measure changes in electrical resistance Change in impedance is proportional to individual volume Accurately counts and sizes cells

Capacitance Principle Similar idea as the impedance method Measured in the function of the change in capacitance However, pulse amplitude generated is not proportional the cell size

Darkfield Optical Principle (Cont’d) Inlet Outlet Darkfield stop disk Light Source Beam Aperture Photodiode

Darkfield Optical Principle (Cont’d) The pulse generated by the system is not proportional to the size of the cell Optical detection is sensitive to size of the dark field stop disk, and the optical magnification An offset of the parameters will greatly affect the amplitude of the signal

Electrical and physical relationships The pulse height-cell volume relationship can be calculated by using the Maxwell equation:

Resistivity of electrolyte 0.9% NaCl used as the electrolyte Conductivity of aqueous solutions are usually expressed in Siemens Conductivity (S/cm) = Molarity (mol/L) x ion conductance (SL/cm/eq) x 1 eq/mol Resistance of the 0.9% NaCl solution is calculated to be 51 Ω/cm

Coincidence correction When a particle is in the aperture, and while the detecting electronics are still busy processing data, the system cannot simultaneously measure another cell

Design requirements Cell sizes that we are measuring vary from 2 μm to 20 μm in diameter Aperture size of 50-100 μm in diameter will be used Design of a disposable unit and electronics that can be put in a portable cell counter

Cell counter handheld unit

Disposable unit (1st design) Aperture To Vacuum

Disposable unit (1st design)

Images of Disposable unit (1st design)

Image of the aperture film under microscope Drilled by laser and measured under electronic microscope ~60um

Conclusion Theory of multi-channel cell counter utilizing the aperture impedance technique have been discussed Highest resolution available in the industry for particle counting and size distribution Color or refractive index does not affect results More design on the disposable unit will be performed and more testing will be done

References [1] Basic Principles in Biology by Y.K.To, Hung Fung Book Co. [2] Haematology, R.B. Thompson [3] Kubitschek HE: Counting and sizing micro-organisms with the Coulter counter, in Methods in Microbiology, ed DW Ribbons and JR Norris. London: Academic Press, 1969 [4] Coulter WH: High speed automatic blood cell counter and cell size analyzer. Presented at the National Electronics Conference, Chicago, October 1956 [5] Hayes TL: The scanning electron microscope: principles and applications in biology and medicine. Adv Biol Med Phys 12:85, 1968 [6] Brightfield and darkfield: http://www.wsu.edu/~omoto/papers/Fig1.html [7] Mansberg HP: Optical techniques of particle counting, in Advances in Automated Analysis, Vol 1. Technicon International Congress. New York: Mediad, 1969 [8] Hematology; principles and practice. Edited by Charles E. Mengel, Emil Frei, III [and] Ralph Nachman. [9] http://www.principalhealthnews.com/topic/topic100587682 [10] http://www.utmem.edu/physpharm/.010.html [11] Brecher G et al: Evaluation of an electronic red cell counter. Am J Clin Pathol 16:1439, 1956 [12] Ionic reactions and equilibria. New York : Macmillan, [1967] [13] http://www.colby.edu/chemistry/CH141B/CH141B.Lab/CH141L4condFall2002.pdf [14] Practical guide to modern hematology analysers, warren Groner, Elkin Simson, john wiley and sons ltd, 1995

Questions