Animal Behavior

Stimulus & Response Stimulus: signal Response: reaction to a stimulus Light, sound, odor, & heat Rely on senses Response: reaction to a stimulus Involves: sense organs, nervous system, & muscles see a snake  run away see a pretty/handsome girl/guy  smile hear alarm clock  place head under pillow

Behavior & Evolution Behavior: reaction to a change Certain behavior can help an individual survive and reproduce

Innate Behavior Preformed correctly first time Suckling of a newborn mammal Spiders weaving webs

Learned Behavior Habituation: stop response to repetitive stimulus Train in the middle of the night Sleeping through an alarm clock Classical Conditioning: mental connection between reward and stimulus Pavlov’s Dog

Learned Behavior Operant Conditioning: trial and error Skinner’s box Puzzles Insight Learning: apply something already learned to a new situation

Instinct and Learning Combined Imprinting: based on early experience; cannot be changed 1st object a duck sees when it’s born is it ‘mother’ A familiar smell

Behavioral Cycles Response to periodic environmental changes Migration: move from one place to another Hibernation & Estivation Circadian Rhythm: daily patterns; sleep

Courtship Strategy to identify healthy mates Send out stimuli: sounds visual displays, or chemicals to attract a mate

Social Behavior Society: related animals that interact & work together Increase reproductive success Jane Goodall: Animal Behavior Observed Chimpanzees

Competition and Aggression Prevent others from using limited resources Aggression: threatening behavior used to gain control over another Territory: area occupied by animal(s) Pecking order

Communication Passing information Visual: movement & color Chemical signals: pheromones

Communication Sound: crickets, dolphins Language: humans only Touch