CRIME SITUATION: WESTERN CAPE 2017/2018 Financial year 26 September 2018

Increases: Contact Crime Crime Statistics Decreases : Property Crime including top 10 stations Contact Crime including top 10 stations Strategies, operational approach and arrests Increases: Contact Crime Arrests Motives/circumstances Pattern (Instruments, date and time) Inhibiting factors Carjacking: Trends and tendencies Sexual Offences: Victim profile Operational Successes Crimes dependent on police action for detection Operational Approach

Crime Statistics

17 Community Reported Crimes PROPORTIONAL CONTRIBUTION OF THE BROAD CATEGORIES OF CRIME (17 Community Reported Crimes vs Crimes Dependent on Police Action for detection Financial year 2017/2018 17 Community Reported Crimes 345 211 (72%) 4

17 Community Reported Crimes – Trend analysis 2007/2008 to 2017/2018 financial years 2.7% 9 927 -1.8% -6 984 3.0% 10 738 4.2% 14 700 -3.5% -13 258 3.9% 13 047 2.7% 8 943 -4.4% -16 483 -0.9% -3 116 -1.6% -5 308 Total Arrests 2016/2017 2017/2018 339 737 420 830 Arrests 17 Crimes 2016/2017 2017/2018 82 769 137 501

HIGHLIGHTS ON THE 4 CATEGORIES MAKING UP THE 17 COMMUNITY-REPORTED SERIOUS CRIMES Overview of Categories: Financial year 2017/2018 compared with 2016/2017de 1 Arrests 71 771 12 319 18 479 34 932 6

17 Community Reported Crimes Top 10 stations Financial year 2017/2018 compared with 2016/2017 -4.4% -16 483

DECREASES PROPERTY CRIME CONTACT CRIME

PROPERTY CRIME: DECREASES Financial year 2017/2018 compared with 2016/2017 Strategies and Operational Approach Various crime categories were impacted on by implementation of overarching Provincial Instructions, thus a contribution to the reduction in property crime. Focus on the strengthening of co-operation with stakeholders including Community Policing Forums, Neighbourhood Watches etc. ARRESTS Burglary Business: 1 408 Burglary Residential: 6 228 Theft of motor vehicle: 715 Theft out/from motor vehicle: 2 249

Property Related Crimes Top 10 stations Financial year 2017/2018 compared with 2016/2017 -6.8% -7 124

CONTACT CRIME: DECREASES Financial year 2017/2018 compared with 2016/2017 Strategies and Operational Approach Implementation of numerous Provincial Instructions to address and ensure : Focused geographical approach (hotspots – high crime intensity areas) Maximised personnel deployment over high crime days and times Integrated operations with other agencies Improved Command and Control – deployment of senior managers Targeted approach – addressing persons of interest (repeat offenders, wanted suspects) Crime Generators (Liquor, Firearms, Drugs - more specifically dealing) ARRESTS Assault GBH: 21 172 Assault Common : 29 185 Common Robbery : 3 365 Sexual Offences : 4 821

Contact Crimes Top 10 stations Financial year 2017/2018 compared with 2016/2017 -1.5% -1 708

INCREASES CONTACT CRIME

CONTACT CRIME: INCREASES Overview of Categories: Financial year 2017/2018 compared with 2016/2017 Arrests 2 676 2 207 8 188

MURDER – MOTIVES/CIRCUMSTANCES Gang Related Arguments Robbery Domestic Violence Community Retaliation/ Vigilantism Retaliation/ Revenge Taxi Violence 22% 13.2% 8.1% 5.6% 4.7% 3.8% 1.2% Actual - 808 Actual - 484 Actual - 297 Actual - 208 Actual - 173 Actual - 141 Actual - 45 % of total reported Unspecified / undetermined motives /circumstances : 37.6% (1379) Gang violence was the highest contributor to murder with Mitchells Plain, Bishop Lavis, Philippi, Delft, Ravensmead and Kraaifontein most prevalent Robberies were the third highest common cause for attempted murder with Nyanga, Gugulethu, Philippi East, Khayelitsha, Delft, Harare, Kraaifontein and Mfuleni experiencing the highest number of incidents. Incidents of Domestic violence increased in terms of contribution and the number of incidents with the top contributing stations including Delft, Nyanga, Mfuleni, Gugulethu and Kraaifontein. Acts of vigilantism / community retaliation reflects an increment in both, contribution and the number of incidents. The top contributing stations were Nyanga, Philippi East, Gugulethu, Harare, Mfuleni and Khayelitsha. Taxi violence increased. The top stations were Nyanga, Langa and Gugulethu. 15

Murder Top 10 stations Financial year 2017/2018 compared with 2016/2017 12.6% 418

MURDER Top instruments, top day and time Weekends, including Saturday, Sunday and Monday collectively account for 65.2% (2433) of the counts of murder. Sunday contributed 28.8% (1074) Saturday contributed 24.2% (904) Monday contributed 12.2% (455) The time period of 21:00 to 23:59 contributed the most, 20.4% (761) The time periods of 18:00 to 20:59, 21:00 to 23:59 and 00:00 to 00:59 accounted for a combined total of 54.3% (2028) 17

ATTEMPTED MURDER – MOTIVES/CIRCUMSTANCE ATTEMPTED MURDER Motives/Circumstances ATTEMPTED MURDER – MOTIVES/CIRCUMSTANCE Gang Related Robbery Arguments Involvement of enforcement Domestic Violence Retaliation/ Revenge Community Retaliation and Vigilantism Taxi Violence 38.7% 14.6% 6.1% 5.7% 4.1% 3.9% 1.5% 0.9% Actual - 1381 Actual - 521 Actual - 218 Actual - 203 Actual - 148 Actual - 141 Actual – 54 Actual - 32 % of total reported Unspecified / undetermined motives /circumstances : 19.7% (704) Gang violence was the highest contributor to attempted murders being most prevalent in Mitchells Plain, Bishop Lavis, Elsiesriver, Manenberg, Steenberg, Ravensmead and Delft . Robberies were the second highest common cause for attempted murder with Khayelitsha, Nyanga, Harare, Philippi East, Gugulethu, Delft, Mfuleni, Lingelethu-West, Kraaifontein and Stellenbosch being most prevalent. Similarly to murder, incidents of Domestic Violence also increased in terms of percentage contribution and incidents. The top contributing stations are Hermanus, Mitchells Plain, Conville, Kwanonqaba and Paarl. In contrast to murder, a reduction in acts of vigilantism / community retaliation decreased slightly in both, contribution and the number of incidents. The top contributing stations were Philippi East, Nyanga, Kraaifontein and Harare. Taxi violence increased with the top contributing stations being Langa, Delft, Nyanga and Bellville. 18

ATTEMPTED MURDER Top instruments used Top day and time Weekends, including Friday, Saturday and Sunday collectively account for 54.5% (2016) of the counts of attempted murder. Sunday contributed 21.8% (807) Saturday contributed 19.7% (728) Friday contributed 13.1% (481) Monday, with the 4th largest contribution saw the occurrence of incidents similar to that of Friday (12.6% / 467) The time period of 21:00 to 23:59 contributed the most, 22.5% (832) The time periods of 18:00 to 20:59 contributed 20.4% (756) 19

Attempted Murder Top 10 stations Financial year 2017/2018 compared with 2016/2017 9.2% 311

INHIBITING FACTORS Changes in population can have a destabilizing effect on social cohesion and lead to higher crime as a sense of belonging and shared moral sentiment is lost or not yet achieved. A lack in social cohesion impacts negatively on a community’s ability to establish formal and informal connections to promote common values and to work towards solving social problems. (Study: Population change and the contextual nature of crime – Cynthia Barnett and Carson Mencken 2014) There is a highly social nature of offence that occur “in-house” - many perpetrators are known inclusive of family members, tenants, spouses, partners, boyfriends/girlfriends, close friends and acquaintances. Other contributing factors are lack of basic infrastructure, poor lighting, lack of accessibility, high levels of unemployment, substance abuse, spatial development - design and layout of residential areas contribute to gangsterism. Many precincts have a large number of backyard dwellers and informal settlements which are generally overcrowded. This poor environmental design is a major contributing factor to the prevalence of crime and restricts conventional policing capabilities. Parolees, repeat offenders and habitual offenders (offenders committing multiple categories of offences) is cited as major contributing factors to occurrences. This is mainly due to these individuals being released into the same communities they resided in before incarceration. Non availability of crime fighting technology in certain hotspot areas; example: CCTV cameras, License plate recognition software.

ROBBERY AGGRAVATED Top instruments used, top day and time Arrests Possession of Dangerous weapons 17 499 Top day and time Saturday contributed 16.7% (4059) Friday contributed 15.4% (3758) Monday contributed 14.8% (3613) The three time periods of 15:00 to 17:59, 18:00 to 20:59 and 21:00 to 23:59 collectively account for 44.1% (10731) of robbery aggravated counts. The time period of 18:00 to 20:59 contribution the highest, namely 17.2% (4187) followed by 21:00 to 23:59 with 13.7% (3334)

Aggravated Robbery Top 10 stations Financial year 2017/2018 compared with 2016/2017 1.2% 297

Trio Crime (Carjacking, House Robbery and Business Robbery) Top 10 stations Financial year 2017/2018 compared with 2016/2017 5.3% 352

Carjacking Top 10 stations Financial year 2017/2018 compared with 2016/2017 -0.86% -19

ROBBERY AGGRAVATED - Carjacking Trends and tendencies The hijacking of delivery vehicles, although showing a reduction, remains a target threat due to their vulnerability especially those having to enter high risk areas on a daily basis. The hijacking of taxis and vehicles used to transport staff in particular those transporting employees late at night shows a substantial increment and contributed 6.3% (146). The hijacking of delivery vehicles operated by foreigners is mainly those who have resorted to doing their own deliveries to spaza shops owned by them. These incidents contributed to 5.9% (139). Hijacking of British American Tobacco (BAT) vehicles have steadily decreased after the surge a few years ago. High levels of security were put in place to combat this phenomenon and were amongst others the reason for the decline in conjunction with policing, which included arrests and convictions. BAT hijackings contributed to 0.6% (13).

SEXUAL OFFENCES Financial year 2017/2018 compared with 2016/2017 Reduction in the overall category of 0.6% (-40 charges), but increments in certain sub-categories, namely sexual assault and attempted sexual offences. Rape – reduction of 0.6% (-27 charges), and contributes 65.8% of counts to overall category sexual offences Contributing Factors - Overcrowding in households, substance abuse, domestic violence, psychological disorders etc. Victim Profile – Rape Child Victims – 33.9% (1437) of Sample Females – 85.2% of Children (1222) Males – 14.8% of Children (213) Age % of female children % of male children 0 - 5 10.3% (126) 12.7% (27) 6 - 10 19.6% (240) 44.6% (95) 11 - 14 33.7% (412) 27.2% (58) 15 - 17 36.3% (444) 15.5% (33) Adult Victims – 66.1% (2801) of Sample Females – 92.3% of Adults (2587) Males - 7.7% of Adults (214) Age % of Adult Females % of Adult males 18 - 25 45.7% (1184) 44.9% (96) 26 - 35 34.5% (892) 33.6% (72) 36 - 45 13.1% (338) 14.0% (30) 46 - 64 6.4% (165) 46 -64 6.1% (13) 65 + 0.3% (8) 1.4% (3)

Sexual Offences Top 10 stations Financial year 2017/2018 compared with 2016/2017 -0.6% -40

Top Contributing Stations Top Contributing Stations CRIMES AGAINST WOMEN AND CHILDREN Financial year 2017/2018 compared with 2016/2017 Reduction of 1.6% (-152) Reduction of 0.7% (-243) Crimes focused on: Assault Common Assault GBH Sexual Offences Murder Attempted Murder Reduction Assault Common and Contact Sexual Offences Top Contributing Stations Nyanga (1495) Mitchells Plain (1311) Delft (1108) Khayelitsha (1097) Nine (9) of the top 20 stations, including the top 2 contributors recorded reductions. Crimes focused on: Assault Common Assault GBH Sexual Offences Murder Attempted Murder Reduction Assault Common & GBH, Rape and Attempted Rape Top Contributing Stations Mitchells Plain (424) Delft (277) Kleinvlei (247) Kraaifontein (229) Nyanga (234) Eleven (11) of the top 20 stations, including 3 of the top 5 contributors recorded reductions.

Operational successes Crimes Dependent on Police Action Key Policing Actions Investigative impact (POCA)

Crimes Dependent on Police Action for Detection 2007/2008 to 2017/2018 financial years 8.1% 10 044 13.5% 14 695 3.0% 3 076 3.2% 3 117 3.6% 3 739 7.6% 6 864 1.7% 1 671 15.6% 12 164 15.3% 10 393 13.2% 7 925

Crimes Dependent on Police Action for Detection Illegal possession of firearms Drug related crimes

Illegal possession of firearms and ammo 2007/2008 to 2017/2018 financial years 16.8% 493 6.2% 173 21.6% 513 3.9% 110 -4.7% -140 17.3% 374 -3.5% -100 -0.3% -7 -6.3% -159 -5.8% -134 Total Arrests 2016/2017 2017/2018 1 741 3 246

Drug related crime 2007/2008 to 2017/2018 financial years 9.1% 9 778 14.2% 13 383 3.9% 3 294 6.5% 4 998 5.9% 5 265 16.9% 10 196 4.1% 3 404 9.2% 6 481 14.8% 6 797 14.5% 7 625 Total Arrests 2016/2017 2017/2018 98 805 113 840

Operational Approach

Operational Approach Western Cape has recorded significant reported crime reductions of: 13 258 (-3.54%) community reported cases during the 2016/2017 financial year 16 483 (-4.4%) reduction through further intensified efforts during 2017/2018 financial year This translates to an overall reduction of 29 741 [last 24 months] Whilst these reductions are to be appreciated the Province still experienced challenges with the crimes of: Murder Attempted murder Robberies

Operational Approach Operational approach for the 2018/2019 financial year Establishment of Operation Thunder which has at its core a geographical and targeted approach, focusing on : dominating specific hotspot areas addressing repeat and multiple offenders establishing base camps as centers of tactical convergence enhancing perceptions of safety and security strengthen our crime prevention capability deploy more operationally ready personnel – those with specialized training step up our intelligence driven operations maximize our deployments based on crime patterns and threats recruit and actively strengthen our informer network strengthen our gang investigation capability aimed at driving POCA investigations

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