Groundwater Systems Chapter 10 Section 3.

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Presentation transcript:

Groundwater Systems Chapter 10 Section 3

Springs Natural discharges of groundwater Occur in various places - sides of valleys - edge of perched water table - along faults - sometimes feed lakes/fill sink holes Volume of water varies From a small spring to a large river

Virginia

Temp. of Springs Depends on where they are located Usually colder in the summer & warmer in the winter (compared to air temp) Hot Springs – have temps higher than that of the human body Thousands in the US Mostly in the western US

Geysers Explosive hot springs that erupt @ regular intervals Most Famous –Old Faithful (Yellowstone Nat’l Park – Wyoming) Erupts every hour with 40 m (131 feet) high column of boiling water & steam

Wells Holes dug or drilled deep into the ground to reach a reservoir of groundwater MUST tap into aquifers (ZOS) Drawdown – the difference between the original water-table & the water level in the pumped well (too many wells tapped into same aquifer may cause their “cone of depressions” to overlap causing the well to run dry! Recharge – Water that helps re-fill the zone of saturation/water table “recharges” it. (Ogallala) Recharge < drawdown = dry well! *Artesian well – Super high recharge=great pressure and when a well taps into a confined aquifer with high pressure, it may spurt up like a fountain

Aquifer – Underground material that allows water to flow Aquiclude – underground material that does NOT allow water to flow Unconfined Aquifer – completely open to surface on one side Confined Aquifer – trapped between two aquicludes

Threats to Our Water Supply Overuse, Sewage, Industrial waste, Landfills, Agricultural chemicals Subsidence – ( Sinking) from over-pumping Pollution in Groundwater (main 4 on next slide) (*if recharge area of a confined aquifer becomes polluted, the aquifer will too) Chemicals – form “plumes” that USUALLY spread slowly Salt – from over-pumping in coastal areas. Radon – from radioactive decomposing uranium. (Colorless, odorless gas; naturally occurring)

Greatest Sources of Pollution: Sewage Industrial waste Landfills Agricultural chemicals