General thermolytic routes to new unstable species - thiocarbonyls C=S CH3CH=S F2C=S H2C=C=S (CH3)2CH=S The first carbon phosphorus double C=P bonded species – phosphaalkenes H2C=PH F2C=PH H2C=PCl H2C=PF H2C=CH-C=PH General method for creating carbon phosphorus triple bonded species – phosphaalkynes – only HCP previously known (for more than a decade) CH3CP HCP FCP ClCP C6H5CP NC–CP HCC–CP General method for creating Boron –Sulphides HCC–CC–CP CH3B=S FB=S ClB=S BrB=S General method for creating cyanopolyynes HCCCCCN HCC CCCCCN At Sussex we created many new molecules and studied them by microwave spectroscopy and photoelectron spectroscopy Phosphorus compounds with John Nixon - Polyynes with David Walton

Spectra Interstellar Molecules Harry Kroto 2004

Walton Polyyne Synthesis H−C≡C−C≡C−C≡N Walton Polyyne Synthesis

Radioastronomy Survey

HCCCCCN Rotating dipolar molecule → a photon that can be detected by a radio telescope

Radioastronomy

CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC © Harry Kroto 2004

H−C≡C−C≡C−C≡N Synthesis Polyyne Synthesis Harry Kroto 2004

H−C≡C−C≡C−C≡N HC5N Harry Kroto 2004

SgrB2

Harry Kroto 2004

Oka

Harry Kroto 2004

Harry Kroto 2004

H−C≡C−C≡C−C≡C−C≡N HC7N Harry Kroto 2004

HC7N Radiastronomy Harry Kroto 2004

HC7N Media Hype Harry Kroto 2004

Harry Kroto 2004

Harry Kroto 2004

Oka,Avery,Broten,McLeod(NRC);Alexander,Kirby,Walton(Sussex) HCCCCCN HCCCCCCCN HCCCCCCCCN Oka,Avery,Broten,McLeod(NRC);Alexander,Kirby,Walton(Sussex) Harry Kroto 2004

TMC Harry Kroto 2004

IRC 10216

Bill Klemperer www.vega.org.uk

Total energy must be conserved and in a plant at snooker or billiards the blue ball takes away the energy and the white and red can thus remain in contact after collision

H...H 3 Body Collision Harry Kroto 2004

Reaction Coordinate - Energy Products C A + B Reaction Coordinate - Energy Harry Kroto 2004

Grain Surface Reactions Harry Kroto 2004

Ion Molecule Reactions – H2O c.r. O H2 H2 H2 e- He  He+  O+  OH+  OH2+  OH3+  OH2 +e + He + H + H + H + H Ion Molecule Reactions – H2O Harry Kroto 2004

H2 H2  H2+  H3+ + e- + H

Orion Nebula Birth Harry Kroto 2004

The long carbon chain problem Harry Kroto 2004

C60 VS

Stellar Birth Harry Kroto 2004