“THE TURKISH RDI: A NEW PATH FOR A NEW HORIZON” Prof. Dr. Nüket YETİŞ Acting President of TÜBİTAK

Role of RDI in the economic growth Turkish Research Area (TARAL) National Science and Technology Initiative

National Competitive Power “The level of capability to sell the goods and services in international markets in free market conditions by keeping and increasing the wealth of its citizens in a sustainable manner.”

* 2004 IMD Competitiveness Yearbook National Competitive Power* (2) Economic Performance Government Efficiency Business Efficiency Infrastructure * 2004 IMD Competitiveness Yearbook

* 2004 IMD Competitiveness Yearbook National Competitive Power* (3) Economic Performance 100 U.S. Germany 80 60 Japan 40 20 Government Efficiency Turkey Infrastructure Business Efficiency * 2004 IMD Competitiveness Yearbook

The Price of Knowledge per Kg. Concrete 1 cent Cement 5 cent Iron-Steel 50 cent Aluminum 1,5 dollar Automobile 10 dollar - 100 dollar Passenger Plane 100 dollar – 1.000 dollar Military Helicopter 2.000 dollar – 3.000 dollar Military Plane 10.000 dollar Satellite 100.000 dollar

Trade Coverage Ratios (Hi-tech) Korea 147 USA 86 Turkey 31 export import import export import export Hi-Tech: Aerospace, Office & information tools, drugs, radio & TV, comminication tools, professional goods OECD in Figures, 2004

Technology Indicators National Science and Technology Indicators Number of Triadic Patents per million people 2,5 2 Germany Japan 1,5 U.S. Number of scientists per 1000 workforce Number of Articles per million people 1 EU-15 0,5 Gross Expenditures on R&D as percentage of GDP R&D Expenditures per capita EU-15 Values(2000-2001): R&D Expenditures per capita: 467. 6 (PPP $) Number of Triadic Patents per million people36 Gross Expenditures on R&D as percentage of GDP: 1,89 Number of Articles per million people: 822 Number of scientists per 1000 workforce: 10.4

Technology Indicators National Science and Technology Indicators Number of Triadic Patents per million people EU-15 1 Number of Articles per million people Number of scientists per 1000 workforce 0,5 Spain Hungary Turkey Gross Expenditures on R&D as percentage of GDP R&D Expenditures per capita

R&D Expenditures/GDP (%) 0,5 1 1,5 2 2,5 3 3,5 1 U.S. 10 Germany Japan 20 Spain National Competitive Power 30 S. Korea 40 Greece Hungary 50 Russia Turkey 60

Full Time Equivalent Researchers per Thousand Total Employment 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8 8 9 9 10 10 1 1 10 10 Germany 20 20 Spain Japan Hungary S. Korea National Competitive Power 30 30 Greece 40 40 Russia Argentina 50 50 Turkey 60 60

For the Success of RDI activities Sufficient financial resources Competent and Adequate Researchers Enabling Environment and Systematic Approach

Turkish Research Area (TARAL) TARAL Aims Solving problems Objectives SPO and Other Public Aims Solving problems Agencies Objectives Increasing quality of life Enhancing welfare Principles Boost competitiveness Priorities Private Universities Sector NGOs

New National Targets Allocate additional public funds beginning from 2005 to increase GERD to 2% by 2010. Increase the number of researchers to 40,000 (FTE) by 2010.

Use of S&T Funds (%, 2002) Country Industry Public Sector Other Univ. Funded Used USA 63 69 31 9 6 5 17 Japan 74 18 10 8 2 14 Germany 65 32 3 - Russia 33 70 58 25 Spain 49 55 39 15 12 30 Turkey 43 51 61 Source: OECD Main Science and Technology Indicators May 2004

Industrial R&D Expenditures (%) Turkish Industry (1999-2000) 1,2 Japan (2001) 3,3 Drug Industry (2001, average) 8,5 Communication & Electronic Devices (2001) 7,1 Atomic Energy of Canada (2001) 30 IBM (2003) 16 Alcatel (2003) 13 Ericsson (2003) 20

DTM TÜBİTAK-TİDEB, KOSGEB and TTGV Supports (Million $) 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 Total 14 20 30 25 38 42 189 M$ TTGV 2003 2004 Total 15 25 40 M$ KOSGEB 2003 2004 Total 4 17 21 M$ TIDEB:Technology Monitoring and Assesment Directorate, DTM: Undersecratariat for Foreign Trade, KOSGEB: Small and Medium Industry Development Organisation, TTGV: Turkish Technology Development Foundation

Technological Research Projects Supported by SPO (Million $) ‘99 ‘00 ‘01 ‘02 ‘03 ‘04 Total Universities 14 25 17 38 67 66 213 Public Sector 13 22 11 40 26 117 27 47 28 55 107 92 330

Technology Management Current S&T Grants Basic Research SPO UNIVERSITIES Results, Monitoring, Impact Evaluation, Feedbacks Applied Research SPO TÜBİTAK TTGV Technology Producing Traditional Companies Technologically Based Technology Management IKV TTGV TÜBİTAK Commercialization TTGV DTM MINISTRIES Support Structure TTGV Technology acquirement Adoption Development Experience High level production TÜBİTAK KOSGEB IGEME Dissemination TÜBİTAK KOSGEB KOSGEB KOSGEB TPE TÜBİTAK TREASURY TÜBİTAK TTGV KOSGEB BANKS

Universities 58 SPO 92 154

National Science and Technology Initiative

Basic Objectives To improve quality of life To solve social problems To increase competitiveness To raise awareness of S&T by the public

Main Targets To increase the demand for R&D To enhance the quality and quantity of scientists, professionals and technical personnel To increase the share of R&D expenditures in GDP

Basic Principles Strategic approach Outcome-oriented Public-private partnerships Effectiveness Participation Accountibility Balance between responsibilities and capabilities Flexibility

Priorities Priority themes and areas based on Vision 2023 foresight work. Implementation plan for 2005-2010 Types of projects which will be given priority

Preporatory Works (1) Terms and definitions (Frascati, Oslo ve Canberra manuals) Catalogue for existing instruments/ programmes New instruments/programmes Scanning of Turkish S&T supports and their efficiencies Collective solution development Focus group meetings Funding application forms and guidelines

Preporatory Works (2) Criteria for project appraisal and selection Improved regulations for financial management of projects Project monitoring (financial and performance evaluation) Legal infrastructure Info meetings Workshops

New instruments Determination of new instruments and programmes Areas with missing links in the ‘support structure’ Collective solution development Focus group meetings Project examples in EU Sixth Framework Programme International comparisons

New Programmes Early research career programme Young research career programme Veteran researcher career programme Supporting outcome-oriented Master’s and PhD programmes Evrana (Universal Researcher Programme) Techno-entrepreneurship programme Science and our city Science and our region

Areas to be supported The programmes initiated by the Prime Minister Programme for Scientist Education and Training Research Programme in Defence Space Research Programme Raising awareness for scientific and technological issues Science Parks Other National Programmes (Health, etc)

Areas to be supported Public Sector Research Programmes Industrial Research Programmes Projects in S&T priority areas Improvement of scientific and technological capacity Academic and applied research Techno-entrepreneurship Programme

Areas to be supported Projects in line with strategic targets and principles Projects with clients Curiosity based research projects

National S&T Initiative For a more prosperous Turkey By public-private partnerships Aimed at enhancing quality of life, quality of knowledge and quality of production