Unit 13 AP Therapy and Change

Psychological Therapies

Psychotherapy An interaction between a trained therapist and someone suffering from psychological difficulties.

Eclectic Approach The most popular form of therapy- it is basically a smorgasbord where the therapist combines techniques from different schools of psychology.

Psychoanalysis Psychodynamic therapist try to understand a patients current symptoms by focusing on themes across important relationships, including childhood experiences and the therapist relationship.

Psychoanalysis Freud's therapy. Freud used free association, hypnosis and dream interpretation to gain insight into the client’s unconscious.

Psychoanalytic Techniques Free Association Client reports immediately without censoring any feelings or thoughts Interpretation Therapist points out, explains, and teaches the meanings of whatever is revealed Dream Analysis Therapist uses the “royal road to the unconscious” to bring unconscious material to light

Psychoanalytic Methods Psychotherapists use their techniques to overcome resistance by the client. The psychoanalyst wants you to become aware of the resistance and together interpret (ex. Latent content) it’s underlying meaning.

Transference In psychoanalysis, the patient’s transfer to the analyst of emotions linked with other relationships. Active Listening: echoing, restating, and seeking clarification of what the person expresses.

Humanistic Basic themes of Humanistic therapy: Focuses of people’s potential for self-fulfillment (self-actualization). Basic themes of Humanistic therapy: *The present and future more than the past. *Consciousness rather than unconscious thoughts. *Promoting growth instead of curing illness Those in therapy become “clients” rather than patients.

Client (Person) Centered Therapy Most widely used Humanistic technique is: Client (Person) Centered Therapy Developed by Carl Rogers Therapist should use genuineness, acceptance and empathy to show unconditional positive regard towards their clients. Ask me to click on an example.

Active Listening Central to Roger’s client-centered therapy Empathetic listening where the listener echoes, restates and clarifies. Paraphrase. Instead of saying “I know how you feel” summarize the speakers words in your own words. Invite Clarification: “ What might be an example of that?” Reflect feelings: “it sounds frustrating”

Behavioral Therapies Therapy that applies learning principles to the elimination of unwanted behaviors. Show me Autism therapy ABA Autism Movement Therapy Joanne Lara ABC 7 News The behaviors are the problems- so we must change the behaviors.

Classical Conditioning Techniques Counterconditioning: A behavioral therapy that conditions new responses to stimuli that trigger unwanted behaviors. Two Types:

Systematic Desensitization A type of counterconditioning that associates a pleasant relaxed state with gradually increasing anxiety-triggering stimuli. How would I use systematic desensitization to reduce my fear of old women?

Systematic Desensitization Progressive Relaxation Exposure Therapy Flooding

Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy Like you are an avatar CNN Virtual Reality Battles PTSD 9 2011 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hjyRu1e-Jmo

Aversive Conditioning A type of counterconditioning that associates an unpleasant state with an unwanted behavior. How would putting poop on the fingernails of a nail biter effect their behavior?

Aversive Conditioning

Aversive Conditioning What are some ways you can change the behaviors of your friends with aversive conditioning?

Operant Conditioning Token Economy: an operant conditioning procedure that rewards a desired behavior. A patient exchanges a token of some sort, earned for exhibiting the desired behavior, for various privileges or treats.

Cognitive

Cognitive Therapy

Cognitive Therapies A therapy that teaches people new, more adaptive ways of thinking and acting; based on the assumptions that thoughts intervene between events and our emotional reactions.

Cognitive Therapy Cognitive Therapists try to teach people new, more constructive ways of thinking. Is .300 a good or bad batting average?

Cognitive Therapy Albert Ellis REBT Therapy Irrational Ideas

REBT Therapy Ask me to go over REBT therapy.

Irrational Ideas Irrational ideas lead to self-defeating behavior Some examples: “I must have love or approval from all the significant people in my life.” “I must perform important tasks competently and perfectly.” “If I don’t get what I want, it’s terrible, and I can’t stand it.”

Biological Approach

Group Therapies

Electroconvulsive therapy Shock treatment for severe depression. Produces seizures. It is like restarting your computer, which solves many a problem even if you don’t know why. Electroconvulsive Therapy http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zYl13Relzbs

Therapy

How many therapists does it take to change a light bulb? Just one, but the light bulb has to want to be changed.

Things you need to Remember: The most important instrument you have is YOU Your living example, of who you are and how you struggle to live up to your potential, is powerful Be authentic The stereotyped, professional role can be shed If you hide behind your role the client will also hide Be a therapeutic person and be clear about who you are Be willing to grow, to risk, to care, and to be involved

http://www. cartoonstock http://www.cartoonstock.com/newscartoons/cartoonists/mba/lowres/mban1087l.jpg

Characteristics of a Good Therapist Have an identity Respect & appreciate themselves Able to recognize & accept own power Open to change Make choices which affect their lives Feel alive & make life-oriented choices Authentic, sincere & honest Have a sense of humor Make mistakes & admit them Live in the present Appreciate the influence of culture Sincere interest in welfare of others Involved in & derive meaning from work Maintain healthy boundaries http://www.evolutionrevolutionnow.com/img/copy-of-therapist.jpg

Ethics The principles that underlie our professional codes Benefit others, do no harm, respect other’s autonomy, be just, fair and faithful The role of ethical codes They: educate us about responsibilities, are a basis for accountability, protect clients, are a basis for improving professional practice Making ethical decisions Identify the problem, review relevant codes, seek consultation, brainstorm, list consequences and decide

Ethics Clients need enough information about the counseling process to be able to make informed choices Educate clients about their rights and responsibilities Confidentiality is essential but not absolute Exceptions: The client poses a danger to others or self A client under the age of 16 is the victim of abuse The client needs to be hospitalized The information is made an issue in a court action The client requests a release of record

Multicultural Issues Biases are reflected when we: Neglect social and community factors to focus unduly on individualism Assess clients with instruments that have not been normed on the population they represent Judge as psychopathological ~ behaviors, beliefs, or experiences that are normal for the client’s culture

DUAL relationships Some helpful questions: Will my dual relationship keep me from confronting and challenging the client? Will my needs for the relationship become more important than therapeutic activities? Can my client manage the dual relationship? Whose needs are being met -- my client’s or my own? Can I recognize and manage professionally my attraction to my client?

1st Interview 15%: Chief Complain and free speech 30%: Pursue specific diagnoses; ask about suicide, history of violence, and substance abuse 15%: Medical History, review of systems, family history 25%: Personal and social history, evaluate character pathology 10%: Mental Status Evaluation 5%: Discuss diagnosis and treatment with patient; plan next meeting