Volume 93, Issue 5, Pages 1026-1027 (May 2018) Journal Club    Kidney International  Volume 93, Issue 5, Pages 1026-1027 (May 2018) DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2018.03.004 Copyright © 2018 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Direct genetic effect and genetic nurturing effect. Alleles at an autosomal site carried by a parents-offspring trio are labeled with respect to the offspring (Xo, proband). TP and TM denote, respectively, the alleles transmitted from the father and the mother to the proband, and NTP and NTM denote the paternal and maternal alleles that are not transmitted. The transmitted alleles can influence the phenotype of the offspring, Xo, through a direct path. The alleles of the parents, both transmitted and nontransmitted, can influence the parents’ phenotypes, YP and YM, and through them may have a nurturing effect on Xo. This pathway combines a genetic effect (TP, NTP, TM, and NTM) on YP and YM with a nurturing effect (YP and YM) on Xo. From Kong A, Thorleifsson G, Frigge ML, et al. The nature of nurture: effects of parental genotypes. Science. 2018;359:424–428. Reprinted with permission from American Association for the Advancement of Science. Kidney International 2018 93, 1026-1027DOI: (10.1016/j.kint.2018.03.004) Copyright © 2018 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions

Multiphoton image of MHCII-EGFP+ leukocyte (green [left panel]) interacting with OT-II T cell (middle panel) within the glomerulus (dotted outline, merged image [right panel]). Reprinted with permission from Westhorpe CLV, Norman MU, Hall P, et al. Effector CD4+ T cells recognize intravascular antigen presented by patrolling monocytes. Nat Commun. 2018;9:747. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03181-4. Kidney International 2018 93, 1026-1027DOI: (10.1016/j.kint.2018.03.004) Copyright © 2018 International Society of Nephrology Terms and Conditions