On the Function of Flowers 1. Review of reproductive biology 2. Pollination Ecology -variation in flowers -life cycle -precise placement -outcrossing -pollination syndromes

Figure 38.2 Review of an idealized flower

Figure 38.3a Trillium

Figure 38.3f Sagittaria: staminate flowers (left), carpellate flowers (right)

Figure 38.3ex Begonia, a monoecious species

Figure 38.3d2 Aloe

Figure 38.3b Lupines

On the Function of Flowers 1. Review of reproductive biology 2. Pollination Ecology -variation in flowers -life cycle -precise placement -outcrossing -pollination syndromes

Life cycle of the angiosperm (flowering plant) from the current text)

Figure 38.1 Simplified overview of angiosperm life cycle

Figure 38.3ax2 Lily

Figure 38.4 The development of angiosperm gametophytes (pollen and embryo sacs)

4 Microspores Tube Cell Generative Cell Dispersed Pollen Grain Pollen Coat

Figure 38.5 Pollen grains have tough, ornate, and distinctive walls

Figure 38.3ax1 Lily

Cross Section of an Ovary One ovule just after meiosis

Figure 38.4 The development of angiosperm gametophytes (pollen and embryo sacs)

Four-nuclear female gametophyte after two mitotic divisions of the megaspore) Mature female gametophyte Egg

Figure 38.9 Growth of the pollen tube and double fertilization

Figure 38.10 The development of a dicot plant embryo

http://gened. emc. maricopa. edu/bio/bio181/BIOBK/BioBookflowersII http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/bio181/BIOBK/BioBookflowersII.html

Figure 30.17 The life cycle of an angiosperm

On the Function of Flowers 1. Review of reproductive biology 2. Pollination Ecology -life cycle -variation in flowers -precise placement -outcrossing -pollination syndromes

On the Function of Flowers 1. Review of reproductive biology 2. Pollination Ecology -life cycle -variation in flowers -precise placement -outcrossing -pollination syndromes

Three paths for pollen flow: selfing: 1. Within flower 2. Between flowers 3. outcrossing (between plants)

Red Maple Flowers staminate pistillate

Figure 38.3e Maize, a monoecious species

syndromes

Foxgloves and outcrossing

Figure 38.3bx1 Foxglove

Three components to outcrossing in foxglove 1. Young flowers are male, old are female 2. Young flowers are nearer the top 3. Bees fly up. Male zone Then start over at the bottom Bees fly up Female zone

On the Function of Flowers 1. Review of reproductive biology 2. Pollination Ecology -life cycle -variation in flowers -precise placement -outcrossing -pollination syndromes

-pollination syndromes Hummingbird -- -long tube -red color -abundant nectar - no odor - no landing

-pollination syndromes Bat -- -abundant pollen -white or drab color -abundant nectar - good odor - strong landing

Banana (Musa), pollinated by bats, dispersed by monkeys

-pollination syndromes Sphinx Moth -- -long tube -white color -abundant nectar - exquisite odor (periodic) - landing

Angraecum (Orchidaceae)

-pollination syndromes Carrion insect -- -contrasting light and dark pattern -brown-purple color -no nectar - foul odor

On the Function of Flowers 1. Review of reproductive biology 2. Pollination Ecology -life cycle -variation in flowers -precise placement -outcrossing -pollination syndromes