Local infusion of bupivacaine combined with intravenous patient-controlled analgesia provides better pain relief than intravenous patient-controlled analgesia alone in patients undergoing minimally invasive cardiac surgery Kuan-Ming Chiu, MD, Chia-Chan Wu, MD, Ming-Jiuh Wang, MD, PhD, Cheng-Wei Lu, MD, Jiann-Shing Shieh, PhD, Tzu-Yu Lin, MD, Shu-Hsun Chu, MD The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery Volume 135, Issue 6, Pages 1348-1352 (June 2008) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.01.020 Copyright © 2008 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions
Figure 1 Placement of the epidural catheter in the wound and the fixed catheter circled with 5–0 Prolene polypropylene (Ethicon, Inc, Somerville, NJ). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2008 135, 1348-1352DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2008.01.020) Copyright © 2008 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions