Chapter 7 Section 4 Napoleon’s Empire Collapses Objective: Assess the collapse of Napoleon’s empire. Vocabulary: Blockade, Continental System, Guerrilla, Peninsular War, Scorched-Earth System, Waterloo, Hundred Days

Setting the Stage Napoleon began to worry about what would happen to his empire after his death His first wife Josephine failed to bear him any children so he divorced her Napoleon’s 2nd wife was Marie Louise, the grandniece of Marie Antoinette In 1811, Marie Louise gave birth to a son, Napoleon II Napoleon named him King of Rome Josephine’s daughter married Napoleon’s brother

Check for Understanding Which other king divorced his wife because she failed to give him a son? Charles II Henry VIII Philip I Sentence Starter: _______ also divorced his wife because she failed to give him a son.

Napoleon’s Costly Mistakes Napoleon’s own personality proved to be the greatest danger to the future of his empire Napoleon desired power but this love of power led him to his doom Napoleon’s efforts to extend the French Empire & crush Great Britain caused him to make 3 disastrous mistakes Napoleon set up a blockade (closing of ports) to cut off trade & communication between Great Britain & the rest of Europe

The Continental System Napoleon called the blockade policy the Continental System Napoleon hoped the blockade would make continental Europe more self-sufficient However, Britain was able to smuggle their products & some leaders defied the policy Britain responded with their own blockade which caused another war with the United States Britain was weakened by the blockade but it didn’t destroy them Napoleon’s brother Louis “King of Holland” traded with Great Britain in secret War of 1812 What kind of military power was Great Britain successful in?

Check for Understanding If Great Britain is an island nation, what kind of military form is the most important? Navy Army Marine

The Peninsular War In 1808, Napoleon wanted to attack Portugal but he had to send his army through Spain The Spanish were outraged after the invasion & protested Napoleon removed the Spanish king from power & put his brother Joseph on the throne Spanish peasant fighters known as guerrillas started to attack French armies The Spanish didn’t just allow Napoleon to take over Guerrillas would shot at the French, ambush them, then run off Why is it near to impossible to beat guerrillas?

The Peninsular War The Spanish were afraid the French would weaken the Catholic Church in Spain as well Small groups of guerrillas ambushed French troops & then fled into hiding Napoleon lost 300,000 men during the Peninsular War Other countries also started to revolt against their foreign French controller Guerrillas attacked for 6 years

The Invasion of Russia Even though Alexander I was Napoleon’s ally, he refused to stop selling grain to Britain In June 1812, Napoleon & 420,000 men marched into Russia Alexander refused to be lured into battle Russians retreated & implemented the scorched- earth policy (burning grain & leaving nothing behind for the enemy) Russia had worked hard to westernize and they weren’t going to stop just because of their allies Slaughter livestock too Is Russia a small or large country?

The Invasion of Russia Napoleon entered Moscow to find it was in flames Alexander destroyed Moscow rather than surrendering it Napoleon turned back to France in the middle of October As temperatures began to fall, Russians attacked Napoleon’s army Napoleon’s soldiers died from battle wounds, exhaustion, hunger, & cold as they retreated Only 10,000 men were left after the invasion They finally battles in September right outside of Moscow

Check for Understanding How many people died during the invasion of Russia? 400,000 410,000 420,000

Napoleon’s Downfall Britain, Russia, Prussia, & Sweden quickly joined forces again against France Austria also declared war despite his marriage alliance In only a few months, Napoleon managed to raise another army however they were untrained Frederick William III of Prussia & Czar Alexander I invaded Paris & defeated Napoleon

Napoleon Suffers Defeat Napoleon wanted to fight on, but his generals refused In April 1814, Napoleon surrendered & gave up his throne Napoleon was exiled to the island of Elba Louis XVI’s brother returned to France & assumed the throne but he became unpopular with the peasants (Louis XVIII)

The Hundred Days Napoleon escaped from Elba & landed in France on March 1st, 1815 Within days, Napoleon was again emperor of France Napoleon last bid for power was called the Hundred Days The British & Prussian armies defeated Napoleon at Waterloo The British shipped Napoleon to St. Helena where he died in exile in 1821 Stomach cancer possibly.