Chapter 8 Section 1

Focus Question What leads people to fight a Revolution? Think about the French Revolution and the American Revolution.

Change in Europe By 1815 Europe had a large number of ethnic groups More ethnicities than ever before People valued different things Nationalism begin to emerge within Europe Strong sense of who “you” as a group are Band together with others like you Persecuted “different” people Conflict begins to emerge within Europe Ideologies

Conservatives Conservatives wanted things to return to the way they were before 1789. The way things were before Napoleon Wanted monarchs in power Wanted the class system to remain in tact Thought that the church should have power Thought change should be slow and gradual

Liberals Were inspired by the French Revolution and the Enlightenment. Middle class Bourgeoisie liberalism Didn’t believe in divine right Didn’t think that church should hold powers Favored a Republic Universal Manhood suffrage Supported Laissez faire economics

Liberalism Takes Root Liberalism and nationalism had started in Europe Every country wanted its freedom Wars were constant Social reforms begin

Countries Challenge the Old Order Liberals fight against the conservatives Fighting starts on the Balkan Peninsula Serbia Revolts first against the ottomans in 1803 Greece revolts against the ottomans in 1821 Greeks were initially divided Creating nationalism Britain, France, Russia joined Greece 1830 Greece became independent

Section 2

What is the conservatives, and the liberals? Focus Question What is the conservatives, and the liberals?

French Rebels Louis XVIII comes to the throne Gave people freedoms Dies in 1824 Charles V comes to the throne Restricted the press Absolute rule Divine right Liberals and Radicals rebelled against Charles and the Conservatives Charles V flees to England

Spirit of Reform Spreads Louis Philippe becomes king Was known as the peoples king Did what ever the middle class wanted Was scared to go against them France became a republic The Revolt in France inspired others throughout Europe to Revolt

Spirit of Reform Spreads Congress of Vienna made decision about what should happen in Europe Belgium rises up in revolt Tired of being united with the Dutch France supported Belgium Belgium gains independence Poland revolts Russia, Austria, and Prussia had divided the country Pols wanted freedom and independence

French Revolt Again The entire population turned against Louis Philippe Country went through a recession People were starving Business shut down Louis Philippe abdicates A New Napoleon comes to power 1848 Louis Napoleon comes to power Created universal suffrage Proclaimed himself emperor Became Napoleon III

Revolution Surges Austria Italy German States Press was censored Succeeded at first but overall failed Italy Independent republic German States People wanted national reforms Liberals wanted change Succeeded initially but overall failed

Chapter 8 Section 3

Who came to power in France during the second Revolution? Focus Question Who came to power in France during the second Revolution?

Discontent Spreads The fighting in Europe was spreading to other parts of the world Latin America Spain had controlled Latin America for over 300 years Discontent was rooted in the social, racial, and political systems.

Social Classes Creoles made up the second class Peninsulares dominated the social class and held power of both the church and the government People born in Spain Creoles made up the second class People born in the Americas but are Spanish Mullatos and Mestizos made up the lowest class. Were denied the status of wealth and power The native Americans were prisoners in their own lands Slave population that worked the sugar cane plantations longed for their freedoms

Enlightenment Spreads to Latin America Latin America had watched the colonist defeat the British The creoles and some lower classes had read about the enlightenment in Europe and wanted change Napoleon invades Spain and kicks out the king Places his brother Joseph Bonaparte on the throne Latin America saw Spain as being weak Took the opportunity to demand their independence

Haiti Revolts Hispaniola was controlled by the French 1791 the slaves rose up in revolt 1798 the rebels had achieved their goal The revolution took more lives than any other American battle Slavery was abolished Napoleon sails to the Americans to reclaim the land Yellow fever forces France to surrender 1804 Hispaniola gains its independence and names itself Haiti

Mexico and Central America Revolt Mexico was tired of Spanish control Father Miguel Hidalgo rallied for freedom Mestizos, mullatos, and native Americans rallied for their freedoms He was executed by the Spanish Jose Morelos takes the command of the army In 1820 liberals forced the leaders of Mexico to overthrow the Spanish viceroy Mexico gains the independence in 1820

Revolutions in South America Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin marched their troops across the Andean mountains to fight the Spanish San Martin joins the fighting with his men Brazil belonged to Portugal Portugal has to give Brazil its independence in 1822 Dom Pedro becomes the king All fighting in Latin America was tied to the Enlightenment that took place in Europe and the colonies

Why did Revolution start in Latin America? Focus Question Why did Revolution start in Latin America?