Sedimentary denitrification

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Presentation transcript:

Sedimentary denitrification The marine fixed N budget & the role of sediments Sedimentary organic matter oxidation by NO3- Anaerobic NH4+ oxidation

Nitrogen cycling: reactions

Denitrification in the water column: restricted to low-O2 areas

But low-O2 areas are not geographically restricted in sediments… O2 penetration depths in Sediments: N. Atlantic Ocean (high bw O2) NE Pacific (low bwO2)

Global fixed N budgets: 1. Gruber and Sarmiento, 1997

Other estimates of sedimentary denitrification rates Middelburg et al

And an alternate marine fixed N budget

Nitrification - Denitrification Organic matter decomposition in sediments NO3-: the second electron acceptor Measure: NO3-, N2 s.w.i. O2 O2 o.m.--> NH4+ -----> NO3- o.m. o.m. ---> NH4+ FeO2, SO42- N2 Nitrification - Denitrification

Pore water NO3 profiles Goloway and Bender 1982 L&O 27, 624-638

“Group I”

“Group II”

“Group III”

NO3 as an electron acceptor for Corg ox. Model results Middelburg et al., 1996 G.B.C. 10, 661-673

Estimating sedimentary denitrification rates 1 Estimating sedimentary denitrification rates 1. Direct measurement of N2 flux Devol, 1991 Nature 349, 319-321 Data from Washington continental margin High Corg ox. Rate ! Low BW O2 !

Estimating sedimentary denitrification rates 2 Estimating sedimentary denitrification rates 2. Pore water NO3- Profiles “High N, Low O2” bottom water Reimers et al., 1992 GBC 6, 199-224

Summary, Northeast Pacific “High N, Low O2” bw

Calculation of sedimentary denitrification rates 2 Calculation of sedimentary denitrification rates 2. Pore water NO3- profiles “High O2, Low N” bottom water NO3- from oxic degradation -- Some lost to bottom water ! NO3- for denitrification

Summary: denitrification in sediments From Martin and Sayles, 2004 DSR I 51, 457-489 NW Atlantic MAB depocenter NE Pac Calif margin NE Pac Wash margin NW Atlantic 70°W

The anaerobic oxidation of NH4+ to N2 Two mechanisms: NO3- diffuses down from oxic layer NH4+ diffuses up from Fe(III) and SO42- reduction zones anammox: NO2- a product of organic matter oxidation by NO3- Demonstrated using sediment incubations Thamdrup et al. 2002 Appl. Env. Microbiol. 68, 1312-1318 Evidence in steady-state systems?

Sediment incubations Procedure: -- section anoxic zone of sediments -- add (1) 15N-ammonium + unlabeled nitrate (filled symbols) (2) 15N-ammonium only (open symbols) -- measure NO3- (A: circles), NO2- (A: triangles), 15N-NH4 (B: circles), 15N-N2 (B: triangles) O2 pen max [NO3] (µM) 2-4 35 1.5-3 15 1.2 19

Evidence for anaerobic NH4 Oxidation in untreated Samples? e.g., NW Atlantic slope / rise … it’s difficult to tell, but maybe…

An interpretation of the curvature of the profiles.