AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER 17 CLASS NOTES 35o The Changing Global Political Landscape

Review Concepts Function of a Boundary Frontier Difference between Delimitation and demarcation Boundary Disputes: LOAD Supranationalism Unitary (U.K) and Federal Government (U.S.) Territorial Sea (12), Exclusive Economic Zone (200), and Median Line Principle

Median Line Principle

Globalization Expansion of economic, political, & cultural activities to where they become global in terms of scale and impact Decisions / Choices made in one place affect those living in another place USA???

Forces of Devolution The disintegration of a state along regional lines Centrifugal forces that destabilize and divide Conflict, war, poverty, language, culture, religion “Balkanization” – out of Yugoslavia break up

In 2014, Putin sent troops into key parts of the Ukraine and held a vote to decide if people in this region wanted to join Russia. Which region(s) do you think he invaded?

Ethno-Nationalism Ethnic groups see themselves as distinct nations with a right to autonomy or independence Tribalism – Feeling greater allegiance to ethnic group than to state Why Threat to national / State unity?

IRREDENTISM – support the return to their country territories that used to belong to it, but are now under foreign rule France wants Alsace Lorraine back in WWI Nazi Germany unifying German lands in WWII UK returning Hong Kong to China Ireland and N. Ireland conflict

States with Devolutionary Pressures??? United Kingdom – Britain, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland Belgium – Flemish (Dutch), Walloon (French) Russia – Soviet Union Break up (Chechenya) France – Corsica (Island) Sudan – North (Khartoum)/ South / West (Darfur) Somalia – N. & S. Canada – Quebec USA - Hawaii

UNITED STATES PUBLIC LAW 103-150 103d Congress Joint Resolution 19 (Don’t Write!!!) UNITED STATES PUBLIC LAW 103-150 103d Congress Joint Resolution 19 Nov. 23, 1993 To acknowledge the 100th anniversary of the January 17, 1893 overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii, and to offer an apology to Native Hawaiians on behalf of the United States for the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii.

Spatial Influences on Devolution – Often Occur on the Margins of States Core – Periphery Model can cause Fragmentation France – Problems with Corsica Russia – Chechenya Italy – Sardinia China - Taiwan USA - Hawaii

France Corsica?- Corsican is more similar to Italian than French

Chechnya- South Western Russia Ethnically Caucasian NOT Russian Terrorism in Dagestan

Gateway State State in between geopolitical power cores which absorbs and assimilates neighboring cultures, emerging as a new entity, without being dominated by them Mexico- Gateway State of Central Americans traveling to U.S. Turkey- Gateway State between Middle East and Europe Hawaii- Gateway state