Ch6, Direct Film making (pp ) - Chapter discussed camera-less animation technique of drawing directly on film - Different perceptual technique of visualizing animation from onion- skinning - Very small drawings, often quite abstract - Different types of film: Clear leader: blank, white motion picture film without a photographic image on it (demonstrate) Black leader: contains emulsion used to expose an image, often scratched off - One of the important pioneers of drawing on film (from the book) is Norm McLaren

Norman McLaren ( ) (pp , 204, ) worked at the NFB (National Film Board ) of Canada as an experimental animator His job was to experiment with various film making/animation techniques direct film making direct sound on films chain of mixes innovative optic printer techniques inventor of Pixilation technique utilized the idea of constant change in animation True innovator, created award-winning animations, inspired many animators to comecreated award-winning animations

Screenings Norm Mclaren, The Creative Process, documentary Two sisters,1990 by Caroline Leaf (1946-present)Caroline Leaf direct film making techniques Worked directly on 72 mm Imax film National Film Board of Canada animator Worked with Norman McLaren Also known for sand animation and paint on glass work