White tea consumption restores sperm quality in prediabetic rats preventing testicular oxidative damage  Pedro F. Oliveira, Gonçalo D. Tomás, Tânia R. Dias, Ana D. Martins, Luís Rato, Marco G. Alves, Branca M. Silva  Reproductive BioMedicine Online  Volume 31, Issue 4, Pages 544-556 (October 2015) DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.06.021 Copyright © 2015 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Flowchart diagram of the study experimental design. FRAP = ferric reducing antioxidant power; PrDM = prediabetic rats drinking water; PrDM + WTEA = PrDM rats drinking white tea; PTGIP = intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test; PTIIP = intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test; TBARS = thiobarbituric acid reactive species; STZ = streptozotocin; WTEA = white tea. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2015 31, 544-556DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.06.021) Copyright © 2015 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Effect of white tea (WTEA) consumption by prediabetic (PrDM) rats on glucose tolerance test and insulin resistance test. (A) Blood glucose concentrations (mg/dl) in control (□), PrDM (o) and PrDM rats drinking WTEA (PrDM + WTEA) (▲), measured during the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test. (B) Blood glucose concentration variation (mg/dl) in control (□), PrDM (o) and PrDM + WTEA (▲), measured during the intraperitoneal insulin resistance test. (C) The area under the curve (AUC) for the glucose tolerance test of control, PrDM and PrDM + WTEA rats, expressed in arbitrary units. (D) The area under the curve (AUC) for the insulin resistance test of control, PrDM and PrDM + WTEA rats, expressed in arbitrary units. Results are expressed as mean ± SEM (n = 6 for each condition). Significant results (P < 0.05) are indicated: * versus control; # versus PrDM. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2015 31, 544-556DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.06.021) Copyright © 2015 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Effect of white tea (WTEA) consumption by prediabetic (PrDM) rats on the oxidative status of testicular tissue. (A) The ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of control, PrDM and PrDM rats drinking WTEA (PrDM + WTEA), measured in the testicular tissue. The antioxidant power is expressed by the FRAP value (µmol of antioxidant potential/mg protein). (B) The thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) in control, PrDM and PrDM + WTEA, measured in the testicular tissue. Results are expressed in nmol/mg tissue and are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6 for each condition). (C) Carbonyl group concentrations in control, PrDM and PrDM + WTEA, measured in the testicular tissue. Results are expressed in relation to control and presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6 for each condition). Significant results (P < 0.05) are indicated: * versus control; # versus PrDM. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2015 31, 544-556DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.06.021) Copyright © 2015 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Effect of white tea (WTEA) consumption by prediabetic (PrDM) rats on glutathione concentrations and glutathione redox state. (A) Total glutathione concentrations in control, PrDM and PrDM rats drinking WTEA (PrDM + WTEA) measured in the testicular tissue. Results are expressed in nmol/mg tissue and are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6 for each condition). (B) Glutathione redox state in control, PrDM and PrDM + WTEA measured in the testicular tissue. Results are expressed in relation to total glutathione and presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6 for each condition). Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2015 31, 544-556DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.06.021) Copyright © 2015 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Effect of white tea (WTEA) consumption by prediabetic (PrDM) rats in epididymal sperm parameters. (A) Sperm concentration in control, PrDM and PrDM rats drinking WTEA (PrDM + WTEA). Results are expressed in cells × 107/ml and are presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6 for each condition). Sperm motility (B), viability (C) and percentage of abnormal spermatozoa (D) in control, PrDM and PrDM + WTEA. Results are expressed in percentage and presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6 for each condition). Significant results (P < 0.05) are indicated: * versus control; # versus PrDM. Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2015 31, 544-556DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2015.06.021) Copyright © 2015 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions