Britain Leads the Way Preview Main Idea / Reading Focus Production before Factories The Textile Industry The development of the transportation industry The devices used to aid the textile industry

Britain Leads the Way Main Idea Reading Focus In the 1700s conditions in Great Britain led to the rapid growth of the textile industry, which in turn led to huge changes in many other industries. Reading Focus Why was Britain the starting point for the Industrial Revolution What were the changes that transformed the textile industry What was the significance of the transportation industry?

The Industrial Revolution Begins Section 2: Britain Leads the Way Witness History Audio: Riding the Railway Why Britain? Britain was able to quickly industrialize because of several factors: coal and river transportation routes were plentiful; there was a large pool of skilled mechanics; there were enough people who had grown rich from trade to finance new industries; there was a stable government that supported economic growth. Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “Why did the ride seem so strange to Fanny Kemble?” (There was no animal pulling them along—just a machine.) When showing Color Transparency 115, ask “Which invention most affected imports?” (cotton gin) “Which inventions most affected exports?” (flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, factory) “How did more British imports affect slavery in America? (To grow more cotton to export, planters needed more slaves.) When showing Color Transparency 113, ask students to describe what was shipped on the canals and what replaced the canals. When showing Color Transparency 114, ask students why the route from Liverpool to Manchester was so vital. Geography Interactive: Resources and Industries in England, 1750 Note Taking Transparency 128 1 of 8

Click the icon to play Listen to History audio. Click the icon below to connect to the Interactive Maps.

A Revolution in Great Britain During the 1700s changes in technology began based on the use of power-driven machinery. This era is called the Industrial Revolution. Exploration and colonialism Seapower Political stability Government support Growth of private investment Factors for Success Research and development on farms Jethro Tull, seed drill Improved livestock breeding Better varieties of food crops Increased food supply Population grew Enclosure movement Agricultural Factors

Britain’s Big Advantage The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain. Had essential elements for economic success Factors of production Land Labor Capital

Find the Main Idea Why was Great Britain in the 1700s ideally suited to be the birthplace of the Industrial Revolution? Answer(s): Colonies around the world supplied raw materials; powerful navy and merchant fleet facilitated trade; waterways provided power and transportation; enclosure movement led to large labor supply; private investors provided funds for investment; coal and iron deposits provided needed resources

The Industrial Revolution Begins Section 2: Britain Leads the Way The Textile Industry Advances The Industrial Revolution made its first big impact on the textile industry. Machines were invented that cleaned cotton, spun thread, and wove cloth. Home-based workers were quickly replaced by fewer factory workers. Color Transparency 115: British Cotton Imports and Exports About 1840 Color Transparency 113: Canals in Britain 1800 Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “Why did the ride seem so strange to Fanny Kemble?” (There was no animal pulling them along—just a machine.) When showing Color Transparency 115, ask “Which invention most affected imports?” (cotton gin) “Which inventions most affected exports?” (flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, factory) “How did more British imports affect slavery in America? (To grow more cotton to export, planters needed more slaves.) When showing Color Transparency 113, ask students to describe what was shipped on the canals and what replaced the canals. When showing Color Transparency 114, ask students why the route from Liverpool to Manchester was so vital. Color Transparency 114: The Growth of Railways in Great Britain, 1840 and 1850 2 of 8

A Revolution in Textiles Textile Industry Beginning of Industrial Revolution Weaving was a cottage industry Labor performed at home Industrialization transformed this Fabric made of wool or cotton Supply of fibers increased in the 1700s Slave labor in America Invention of cotton gin Invention of spinning jenny Invention of flying shuttle New Way of Making Cloth Cottages too small Factory invented Power for factories? Water frame for water power Output increased 8x by 1770 Cloth-making in Factories

The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 2 Color Transparency 115: British Cotton Imports and Exports About 1840 5 of 8

Factories and Factory Towns Where employees worked Major change from cottage industry/Putting Out System Had to leave home to work Hardships for some workers Working in a factory Dangerous work for all Long workdays Poor factory conditions common

What were some benefits of the cottage system of production? Find the Main Idea What were some benefits of the cottage system of production? Answer(s): workers made decisions about when to work, rest, and eat, how much to produce; family could adjust work schedule, all family members could be involved

The Industrial Revolution Begins Section 2: Britain Leads the Way The Transportation Revolution With increased production came the demand for better transportation. Turnpikes were built and canals were dug. Railroad tracks crisscrossed Europe and North America. Witness History Audio: Sounds of the Rails Notes: Listen to the Witness History audio. Then read aloud the main idea for each subheading in this section and show the related visuals. After listening to the Witness History audio, ask, “Why did the ride seem so strange to Fanny Kemble?” (There was no animal pulling them along—just a machine.) When showing Color Transparency 115, ask “Which invention most affected imports?” (cotton gin) “Which inventions most affected exports?” (flying shuttle, spinning jenny, water frame, factory) “How did more British imports affect slavery in America? (To grow more cotton to export, planters needed more slaves.) When showing Color Transparency 113, ask students to describe what was shipped on the canals and what replaced the canals. When showing Color Transparency 114, ask students why the route from Liverpool to Manchester was so vital. QuickTake Section Quiz Progress Monitoring Transparency 3 of 8

The Transportation Revolution As production increased entrepreneurs needed faster & cheaper methods of moving goods from place to place. Some invested in private roads (turnpike), had canals built, built stronger bridges & upgraded harbors Canals Boom Factories needed an efficient & cheap way to receive/ship coal, raw materials & finished goods Entrepreneurs built canals for profit, but not all had enough traffic after the locomotive Welcome the Steam Locomotive Made the growth of railroads possible Railroads made shipping and receiving goods more accessible Railroad travel became faster and railroad building boomed One Thing Leads to Another Industrial Revolution triggered chain reaction Machines produce large quantities of goods more efficiently Prices fall making goods more affordable & increasing demand

The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 2 Color Transparency 114: The Growth of Railways in Great Britain, 1840 and 1850 7 of 8

The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 2 Color Transparency 113: Canals in Britain 1800 6 of 8

Identify Supporting Details What are some facts that illustrate the difficulties of factory work? Answer(s): injuries, long workdays, noise, lack of ventilation, poor sanitation, inadequate food

The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 2 Note Taking Transparency 128 4 of 8

The Industrial Revolution Begins: Section 2 Progress Monitoring Transparency 8 of 8