Punishment: Part 1 Decreasing Behavior

General Definitional Components Immediate (Application or removal of stimulus) Contingent – must follow behavior Decreases behavior SDp

Type I Punishment: Stimulus Presentation (Positive Punishment) 1. Reprimand Spanking Response Blocking?? Contingent Exercise Overcorrection: Restitution & Positive Practice Electric Stimulation Remember: If it does not decrease behavior it is not punishment.

Example: Type I Punishment Before  Behavior  After No aversive You engage in Aversive condition Condition target behavior presented.

Example: Type I Punishment Before  Behavior  After No burn on hand You touch hot stove Burn on hand

Your Turn Come up with an example of how your behavior has been punished (application style) and share with your peers.

BEHAVIORAL CONTINGENCY TABLE (DRAFT 2) Change in Behavior Present Stimulus Remove Stimulus Behavior Increases Positive Reinforcement(S+R) Negative Reinforcement (S-R) (Escape/Avoidance) Behavior Decreases Type I Punishment (S+P) (Aversive Stimulus) ?

Type II Punishment: Stimulus Removal (Negative Punishment - Penalty) 1. Response Cost: Bonus, Use with R+ Time-Out: Planned Ignoring, Time-Out Ribbon (Talk about restitution and positive practice with time out) Remember: It must decrease behavior or it is not punishment!

Example: Type II punishment (Penalty) Before  Behavior  After You have You do something You loose Something something

Example: Type II Punishment (Penalty) Before  Behavior After You have $100 You get caught speeding you have no $100

Your Turn Come up with an example of how your behavior has been punished (Penalty style) and share with your peers.

BEHAVIORAL CONTINGENCY TABLE (DRAFT 3) Change in Behavior Present Stimulus Remove Stimulus Behavior Increases Positive Reinforcement (S+R) Negative Reinforcement(S-R) (Escape/Avoidance) Behavior Decreases Type I Punishment (S+P) (Aversive Stimulus) Type II Punishment (S-P) (Penalty)

Major Pitfall Sick Social Cycle (Victim’s punishment Model) Before  Behavior  After Teacher Ask Student Student Cusses Needs a reader Student Student Asked No B%*$CH! Doesn’t to Read aloud Red aloud

Unconditioned & Conditioned Punishers Unconditioned: Any unlearned stimulus that decreases behavior Pain, odor, taste, physical restraint, extreme muscular effort, light, sound, temprature Conditioned: Any learned stimulus that decreases behavior

Factors that Influence Punishment Effectiveness Immediacy Itnesity/Magnitude Punishment Schedule Reinforcement Schedule DRA

Possible Side Effects Emotional & Aggressive Reactions Escape and Avoidance Behavioral Contrast Undesirable Modeling Negative Reinforcement of the Punishing Agent’s Behavior

Guidelines For implementing Punishment Target Behavior must be operationally defined Choose an alternate response to reinforce Minimize the causes of the undesirable response Use an effective punisher: not paired with R+ and is available Apply: Consistently and Immediately Keep records and have someone else help you monitor! State the Rules to the individual

When should punishment be used? The person’s behavior should be a danger to himself or others. Use only after trying reinforcing procedures Social Validity/Informed Consent Reliability of Measurement: Helper/supervisor Do not use punishment as a means to show superiority