iClicker Questions for Psychology, Seventh Edition by Peter Gray Chapter 4: Basic Processes of Learning

In a classical conditioning experiment, a man is conditioned so that his pupils dilate in response to a buzzer. Before the experiment begins, the man's pupils naturally dilate in response to dimming the light in the room. Pupil dilation in response to a dark room is the _____________. After the experiment has successfully concluded, pupil dilation in response to the buzzer is the _______________. unconditioned response; conditioned stimulus conditioned response; unconditioned response unconditioned response; conditioned response conditioned stimulus; unconditioned response Answer: c

Martin likes to shower in the men’s locker room after working out Martin likes to shower in the men’s locker room after working out. During a shower he hears a toilet flushing nearby. Suddenly boiling hot water comes out of the showerhead, causing Martin serious discomfort. Later on in the shower, he hears another toilet flush and he immediately jumps out from under the showerhead. In this scenario, what is the unconditioned response (UCR)? Jumping out of the shower Sound of the toilet flushing Pain avoidance Boiling hot water Answer: c

Brian ate a tuna salad sandwich that had become tainted from being in the sun too long. Not long after eating, Brian became extremely nauseated and felt awful. After that, even the sight of a tuna sandwich caused Brian to feel nauseated. In this scenario what is the conditioned response (CR)? Tuna Nausea Mayonnaise Sight of any sandwich Answer: b

The phenomenon in which the mere passage of time following extinction can partially renew the conditioned reflex is called: automatic revival. spontaneous recovery. discrimination training. a conditioned emotional response. Answer: b

Winning at a slot machine is a typical example of what type of partial reinforcement? Fixed-ratio schedule Variable-ratio schedule Fixed-interval schedule Variable-interval schedule Answer: b

An experimenter is using operant conditioning to train two rats to play basketball. Because rats do not naturally exhibit any of the desired behaviors required, she begins by first reinforcing the rats for simply approaching the ball, then for moving the ball, and finally for grasping the ball with their paws. The technique the experimenter is using is called: shaping. molding. developing. approximating. Answer: a

A child is sent to his room with no supper because he presented a bad report card to his parents. The parent’s intent was to: punish poor academic performance. negatively reinforce poor academic performance. extinguish poor academic performance. partially reinforce poor academic performance. Answer: a

Which one of the following questions might be asked by a psychologist studying intelligence from a behavioral perspective? How does intelligence influence survival rates? How can we measure intelligence? Do differences in brain structures account for differences in intellectual ability? Is intelligence inherited? Answer: b