Unit 3: Civil War 11.1.16.

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Unit 3: Civil War 11.1.16

Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863

Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863 “…on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.” “…the Executive government of the United States, including the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons…”

Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation Executive Order Declared slaves in the Confederacy free Did not cover slaves in the border states Slavery would not be completely abolished until the 13th amendment passed in 1865

Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation Did free 20,000 slaves Did lay the groundwork for eventual freeing of slaves

Why free the slaves? Personal beliefs of Lincoln’s To undermine the Confederacy from within To have former slaves on side of Union To prevent Europe from intervening

African-American Soldiers About 200,000 served in the North’s military 3/5 of all black troops were former slaves

Gettysburg, PA

Gettysburg July 4, 1863 Nearly 23,000 Union & 28,000 Confederate soldiers were killed, wounded, or missing 1/4 of all Union soldiers 1/3 of all Confederate soldiers Turning point After Gettysburg, Lee was never able to mount another major offensive

Gettysburg Address November 19, 1863 Dedication of the National Cemetery of Gettysburg

Gettysburg Address Why give the speech? To commemorate the bloodiest and most decisive battle of the war Inaugurate the cemetery Opportunity to express the importance of the war to the American people

Gettysburg Address Read the address. Summarize each chunk in your own words.

Gettysburg Address Why is it important? Raised the principles of human equality found in the Declaration of Independence “All men are created equal” Connected the sacrifices of the Civil War with the desire for “a new birth of freedom” Said the war was a test of the ideal of self-government So that “government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.”