Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins Give you Energy! Nutrients Carbohydrates, Fats, Proteins Give you Energy! Proteins

2 Types of molecules There are 2 main types of molecules: Organic molecules From life -> contain carbon Examples: sugar fat protein Inorganic molecules Not from life -> no carbon water temperature rust Proteins

What is Protein? Makes up your body (up to ¼ of your body weight) (muscles and meat are the same thing) Proteins

Examples of protein Protein Examples Hair Skin Muscles Meat Nails All organs Eyes The differences between organisms is mostly because of their PROTEINS. Proteins

PROTEINS ARE ORGANIC MOLECULES Just like carbohydrates and lipids, proteins contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. In addition, they always contain the element nitrogen. PROTEINS ARE ORGANIC MOLECULES Proteins

So what? What does nitrogen do? There is always extra nitrogen. Your body uses it to make protein. There is always extra nitrogen. The extra nitrogen is poisonous. The poison comes out of your body in your pee. The name of the poison is urea. The real name of your pee is urine. Proteins

What does a protein molecule look like? Long chains of molecules with many twists and turns. The chains are made of Amino Acids connected together. These long chains are called Polymers Proteins

Monomer- Amino Acid Polymer- Protein Proteins

How Are Proteins Made? Proteins

Essential- Must consume them (body cannot synthesize) Nonessential- Your body can make (body can synthesize) Proteins

How does your body make protein? The instructions come from DNA. The order of the Amino Acids determines the type of protein. TOPS Proteins

Where do we get our protein? Food (protein) we eat – gives us our AA. They are then rearranged into new proteins. This rearranging is similar to playing Scrabble or Boggle The letters in these games are rearranged to make new words. The AA are rearranged to make new proteins This rearrangement releases the protein waste changed into urine. Proteins

How is protein stored? Not – must get some every day. We get it from the food we eat. Mostly meat, milk, cheese, eggs, beans, nuts and seeds Proteins

Phenylalanine You were tested for this before you left the hospital. (1 in 15,000) It is an amino acid that some people cannot digest. It is harmful to people with phenylketonuria (PKU). If PKU is not detected early, an affected infant will become mentally retarded as the amino acid level builds up. It is found in aspartame (NutriSweet) Check out the sweetened food you eat. Proteins

More Proteins Insulin regulates the storage of glucose. 2 important proteins help in energy storage: Insulin regulates the storage of glucose. Glucagon regulates changing glycogen back into glucose. glucose glucagon insulin glycogen Proteins

Still More Proteins STARCH AMYLASE Enzymes help to carry out specific chemical reactions in the body amylase is an enzyme in human saliva that breaks down starch into sugar. AMYLASE AN ENZYME STARCH SUGAR Proteins

Hydrolysis- breaks down polymers into smaller units Proteins