Twenty Thousands Leagues inside the Optical Fiber

TELL ME … DO YOU EVEN?

RFC 1149: A Standard for the Transmission of IP Datagrams on Avian Carriers

Semaphore Fire beacons Smoke signals

Heliograph Transmitter

Heliograph Transmitter

Heliograph Receiver Transmitter

Photophone

Only straight line Lossy medium

LASER = Amazing

Monochromatic Coherent

Fiber Optic

Jacket: 400 µm Buffer: 250 µm Core: 8 µm Cladding: 125 µm

Total Internal Reflection Cladding n = 1.44681 Core n = 1.45205 Attenuation (at 1550 nm) ~ 0.2 dB/km 1% remaining power after 62 miles

3.2 Tb/s 2 routes (north, south) 4 fiber pairs 40 channels of 10 Gb/s each http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_TAT-14.png by Alexrk2 CC-BY-SA-3.0

In One Second 3.2 Tb/s 8 Blueray discs

Modulations Amplitude-shift Keying (ASK) Frequency-shift Keying (FSK) Phase-shift Keying (PSK)

Wavelength-Division Multiplexing MUX DEMUX Single fiber 100 GHz channel spacing ~ 1550 nm 40 channels

Optical Impairments Four-Wave Mixing Chromatic Dispersion Polarization Mode Dispersion Cross Phase Modulation Polarization Dependent Loss

31 Tb/s over 7,200 km 155 channels × 200 Gb/s New fiber type 255 Tb/s over 1 km 50 channels × 5.1 Tb/s 200 Gb/s 31 Tb/s over 7,200 km 155 channels × 200 Gb/s 100 Gb/s 7.2 Tb/s over 6,500 km 80 channels × 100 Gb/s 10 Gb/s TAT-14: 0.4 Tb/s over 9,600 km 40 channels × 10 Gb/s

“If I have seen further it is by standing on the shoulders of giants.” Isaac Newton