Bone Histology for age at death estimation

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Bone Histology for age at death estimation ANA 328 2006/09/04

Introduction Bone: Specialized connective tissue Osteoclasts & osteoblasts Change throughout life Continuous modelling & remodelling Structures Age-dependent/correlation

Factors: Influence bone remodelling and techniques Disease Nutritional or hormonal Socio-economic status Sampling location Mechanical stress

Histological techniques Based on: Bone: living & dynamic Remodelling - continuous Kerley (1965), Ahlqvist & Damsten (1969), Singh and Gunberg (1970), Ericksen (1991), Maat et al (2006)

Variables used: Osteons

Average number of lamellae per osteon

Average Haversian canal diameter per osteon

Number of Non-haversian canals

Number of Osteon fragments

Number of Resorption spaces

Percentage: osteonal, unremodelled & fragmental

Advantages Small piece of bone required Used: Burnt remains Fragmented remains Archaeological remains Forensic remains Accurate method of age estimation

Disadvantages Experience required/specialized equipment Easily affected: Nutrition Fungus Pathology Sample location Population specific Make bone slide

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