UNIT 7 Chapter 24 – WWII: The Road to War Chapter 25 – WWII: The Americans at War WORLD WAR II

Section 1: Mobilization America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 25: World War II: Americans at War (1941–1945) Section 1: Mobilization Section 2: Retaking Europe Section 3: The Holocaust Section 4: The War in the Pacific

Presidents of the United States George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841) James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) James Garfield; Republican (1880) #21 - … Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884) Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892) William McKinley; Republican (1896) Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901) William Howard Taft; Republican (1908) Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912) Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920) Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923) Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928) Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932)

OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the causes & consequences of World War II and the impact the war had on American society. Objective 7.4: How did the Roosevelt mobilize troops and prepare the economy for war? Objective 7.7: How did the war change social conditions for women and minorities?

CHAPTER 25 SECTION 1 MOBILIZATION The United States quickly mobilized millions of Americans to fight the Axis powers. The government organized the economy to supply the military

MOBILIZING WRITE THIS DOWN! President Roosevelt realized that he had to strengthen the armed forces. Congress authorized the first peacetime draft in the nation’s history. The Selective Training and Service Act required all males aged 21 to 36 to register for military service. More than 16 million Americans served as soldiers, sailors, and aviators in the war. American soldiers called themselves GI’s: “Government Issue.”

MILITARY DIVERSITY Nearly 1 million African Americans join the military serve in segregated units Serve combat roles for first time Tuskegee Airmen became the first African American flying unit WRITE THIS DOWN! Native Americans served a vital role. A group of Navajos known as the “code talkers” developed a secret code based on their language that the enemy could not break. This code proved valuable in several key battles of the war.

WORKING WOMEN WRITE THIS DOWN! About 350,000 American women volunteered for military service by the war’s end, working in all areas except for combat Rosie the Riveter: (1942 fictional character from a song) became the popular name for all women who worked in war-production jobs. Many women found that employment outside the home made a big difference in their lives, giving them self-confidence as well as economic independence. In spite of the benefits of working, women faced discrimination in the workplace. They often encountered hostile reactions from other workers, they received less pay for the same work

Japanese Americans Japanese Americans suffered official discrimination during the war. Hostility toward Japanese Americans grew into hatred after Pearl Harbor. In 1942, the War Relocation Authority removed all people of Japanese ancestry from the West Coast. They were to be interned, or confined, in camps in remote areas Many Japanese Americans lost their homes, possessions, and businesses Some were uncomfortable with similarities between the internment camps and the German concentration camps. In 1988, Congress awarded $20,000 to each surviving Japanese American internee, and issued an official apology. WRITE THIS DOWN!

GOVT. AGENCIES WRITE THIS DOWN! As the war continued, the government established dozens of agencies to deal with war production, labor questions, and scarce resources. The President appointed James F. Byrnes to head the Office of War Mobilization. Created to centralize agencies dealing with war production As the production of consumer goods stopped, factories converted to war production. Ford Motor Company built B-24 bombers with the same assembly-line techniques used to manufacture cars. The Office of Price Administration (OPA) was established to control inflation by limiting prices. They oversaw rationing, or the fair distribution of scarce items, during the war.

WRITE THIS DOWN! LIBERTY SHIPS One of America’s greatest contributions to the Allies is its production efforts Henry J. Kaiser introduced mass-production techniques into ship building cut the time needed to build one type of ship from 200 days to 40 days. These Kaiser ships were called Liberty ships, which were large merchant ships that carried supplies or troops.

PAYING FOR WAR Government Spending War production ended the unemployment of the 1930s. Average weekly wages rose significantly. The United States government vowed to spend whatever was necessary to sustain the war effort. Federal spending increased from $8.9 billion in 1939 to $95.2 billion in 1945 Financing the War Higher taxes paid for about 41 percent of the war. The government borrowed the rest. Deficit spending pulled the United States out of the Depression. It also boosted the national dept from $43 billion in 1940 to $259 billion in 1945. WRITE THIS DOWN!

PROPAGANDA The Office of War Information created posters and ads that stirred patriotism. Donald “Nazi” Duck: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L90smU0SOcQ The Thrifty Pig: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l8fjvfmnMqc Victory Gardens were home gardens planted to add to the food supply and replace produce sent to soldiers. By 1943, victory gardens produced about one third of the country’s fresh vegetables. WRITE THIS DOWN!

What needs to be avenged? What is “Careless Talk”?

MORALE AND REVIEW The Andrews Sisters CRASH COURSE – The Homefront Boogie Woogie Bugle Boy from Company B http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wGnIiGszOSQ CRASH COURSE – The Homefront With a partner complete the provided worksheet! https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HofnGQwPgqs&list=P L8dPuuaLjXtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=37