Is civil disobedience ever an acceptable form of protest? Bellringer #2 Is civil disobedience ever an acceptable form of protest? Why or why not? Defend how your point of view agrees/disagrees with our Constitution and Amendments?

Lesson 35 How have civil rights movements resulted in fundamental political and social change in the United States?

Objectives Explain why African Americans, women, and other groups found it necessary to take concerted action to ensure recognition of their civil rights. Describe some of the goals and tactics that the civil rights movements have used. Describe and explain the importance of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965. Identify some ongoing issues involving civil rights. Evaluate, take, and defend positions on landmark legislation involving civil rights and the role of civil disobedience in America’s constitutional democracy.

The Role of Civil Disobedience Civil Disobedience was used only after using First Amendment rights of petition, free speech, and assembly proved futile Civil Disobedience must be nonviolent and participants must be willing to identify themselves and accept legal sanctions Puts conscience above the law Critics Weakens the law Defenders There can be no other final judge of obedience to law than individual conscience

The Status of Civil Rights in the 20th Century There are two kinds of segregation De facto segregation (accepted by society) Jim Crow laws, KKK De jure segregation (required by law) Brown v. Board of Education President Eisenhower finally sent National Guard troops to Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957 to open public schools and enforce order

Origins of the Modern Civil Rights Movement African Americans challenged and resisted Jim Crow laws from the beginning Cooperative associations to assert community economic rights Armed themselves (Black Panthers) Taught black history Different organizations worked to keep civil rights issues on the national agenda (1909 NAACP, Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights) Petitioning local, state, and federal government

Civil Rights Act In 1963 civil rights leaders organized public demonstrations throughout the South in which young people were prominent. Media captured the confrontations and sent news of them around the world Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964, using its constitutional power under Article I to regulate interstate commerce so that it could regulate private activities as well as state action. Outlaw discrimination in public institutions End school discrimination Prohibit job discrimination Sue states that do not comply

Voting Rights Act Voting not addressed in the Civil Rights Act Civil Rights protestors met in Selma, Alabama in order to march to Montgomery to protest voting discriminations, 1965 Several were clubbed and beaten One was killed President Johnson sent a Voting Rights bill to Congress that quickly passed Prohibit racial discrimination Eliminate discriminatory voting registration practices Requires all governments to provide voting material and assistance in appropriate languages Requires states and counties with a history of discrimination to be monitored by the Justice Department.

How the Movement for Civil Rights has Changed Farm Workers Cesar Chavez register minority voters and organize farm workers to demand better conditions in the fields of California Native Americans Several hundred Native Americans of different tribes met to discuss issues affecting their communities such as substandard housing, 80% unemployment rate, discrimination, and claims of police brutality. AIM Women Turn their attention toward reproductive rights, equal pay for equal work, and harassment in the workplace.