Clinical feasibility of free-breathing, gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography for assessing extracardiac thoracic vascular abnormalities.

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Clinical feasibility of free-breathing, gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography for assessing extracardiac thoracic vascular abnormalities in young children with congenital heart diseases  Sheung-Fat Ko, MD, Chi-Di Liang, MD, Chung-Cheng Huang, MD, Shu-Hang Ng, MD, Ming-Jang Hsieh, MD, Jen-Pin Chang, MD, Min- Chi Chen, PhD  The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  Volume 132, Issue 5, Pages 1092-1098.e3 (November 2006) DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.05.007 Copyright © 2006 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 A 28-month-old boy with angiographically proved segmental aortic coarctation associated with right innominate artery occlusion and subclavian steal phenomenon. A and B, Coronal and sagittal aortograms show aortic coarctation (CoA) just beyond the dilated left subclavian aorta and the dilated proximal right innominate artery (InA) with abrupt occlusion. C and D, GEMRA in coronal and sagittal subvolume maximal intensity projection images clearly reveal coarctation (CoA) and prominent collateral arterial supplies from the descending aorta. Note occlusion of the right innominate artery (InA) with proximal dilatation and elucidation of the subclavian steal phenomenon (ScS), which was not seen on aortograms. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2006 132, 1092-1098.e3DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.05.007) Copyright © 2006 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure E1 A 5-day-old boy with tetralogy of Fallot underwent surgical intervention directly after gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in coronal subvolume maximal intensity projection image reveals the right aortic arch (RAA) from a major aortopulmonary collateral artery (MAPCA), which runs a tortuous course and then connects to the proximal part of the right pulmonary artery (RPA). Note mild confluence narrowing (CN) and distal RPA stenosis (RPASt). The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2006 132, 1092-1098.e3DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.05.007) Copyright © 2006 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions

Figure E2 A 4-day-old girl with infradiaphragmatic total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) underwent surgical intervention directly after gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography. Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography in coronal subvolume maximal intensity projection image reveals that the pulmonary veins (PV) join into a common trunk (TAPVR), which subsequently drains into the portal vein (PoV). RUPV, right upper pulmonary vein; RLPV, right lower pulmonary vein; LLPV, left lower pulmonary vein. The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2006 132, 1092-1098.e3DOI: (10.1016/j.jtcvs.2006.05.007) Copyright © 2006 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery Terms and Conditions