Golden Age Bellwork What were the three major inventions of Golden Age China? Gunpowder, Printing, Ships/Navigation What caused major population growth in Golden Age China? New strain of rice introduced The Tang Dynasty traded with and interacted with_____________ Abbasid

WWBAT: Discuss the culture and background of Japan WWBAT: Begin working on a DBQ packet

Theme Tuesday Bellwork What is an example of Development and Interaction of Cultures in the Mongolian Empire/Khanates? Answers Vary What is an example of Creation, Expansion and Interaction of Economic Systems in the Mongolian Empire/Khanates?

WWBAT: Discuss the culture and background of Japan in the Middle Ages and compare to Middle Ages Europe

Interactive Notebook Setup 11/20/2017 Feudal Japan this will be one page

Japan Background Hierarchy and Feudalism Interaction with China

Japan Background Early Japan = organized around family-based clans that controlled certain regions Primary crop was rice Each family descended from a different common ancestor Each clan worshipped this ancestor as a special kami = spirit Shinto = belief that kamis live within all people, animals, and nature

Japan Background Heian Period = 800 – 1200 Capital of Japan = Heian (later renamed Kyoto) Focus of this period was the pursuit of beauty Japanese influenced by Chinese art, literature, calligraphy, poetry, etc. Spent hours each day writing letters and poems Rise of literature  ex: The Tale of Genji

Heian

Japan Background In their “search for beauty” during the Heian period, governmental responsibilities were neglected There was civil war Centralized government broke down Emperor lost power Gave way to “feudal” Japan The leader of Japan’s most powerful family forced the emperor to appoint them as shogun The word “Shogun” means “great general”

Minamoto Yoritomo 2 most powerful clans fight for power 30 years of war Minamoto family wins Leader: Yoritomo Deemed “Shogun” Supreme general of the emperor’s army Powers of a military dictator

Kamakura Shogunate Emperor still ruled in Kyoto Real power = Shogun’s military headquarters at Kamakura Shoguns ruled through puppet emperors until 1868! Kamakura Shoguns defeated 2 invasions by the great Mongol ruler Kublai Khan Drained shogun’s funds Samurais did not get paid Aligned more closely with lords Shoguns lost power

Hierarchy and Feudalism Shogun was real ruler via military power, Emperor a figurehead Each ruling family would create a “Shogunate” Daimyo = noble landowners. Provided the samurai with social status and economic support Often fought one another Samurai – warriors (knights on horseback with armor or leather and iron, and swords). Swore an oath of loyalty to the emperor and his local daimyo Honor and the fear of shame that held the bonds of obligation

Feudal Japan Shoguns = generals and powerful lords Mikado = emperor Most political and military power Mikado = emperor Very little power; figurehead Always fighting each other Daimyos = local lords Owned estates Had private armies Code of Bushido = samurai code of honor Seppuku = ritualistic suicide  belly-slashing Samurai = warriors Loose-fitting armor Fought with swords AND on horseback with bows & arrows Peasants  worked on the land; paid heavy taxes; received protection in return

Left Side: Diagram of Japanese Feudalism Emperor Shogun Daimyo Samurai Samurai Peasant Peasant

Japanese Samurai

Samurai Warriors!!! Wars between rival lords  bodyguard warriors of each lord Samurai = one who serves Code of behavior: Bushido The way of the warrior Reckless courage Reverence for the gods Fairness Generosity towards the weaker Honorable death > long life

Samurai Warrior Attire

Samurai Sword

Early Mounted Samurai Warriors

Samurai Charging

Kaishaku – his “seconds” Seppuku: Ritual Suicide It is honorable to die in this way. Kaishaku – his “seconds”

Interaction with China Unlike Korea and Vietnam – Japan is physically separated from China Result = Japan was never successfully invaded or conquered by China Result = any Chinese cultural elements adopted by Japan = 100% voluntary Taika Reforms Result = Japan will retain a very unique & distinct culture

Interaction with China As these clans began to unify into a Japanese “state”, Japan modeled itself after China in some ways Elements adopted from China: Buddhism and Confucianism brought merchants living in Diasporic Communities Challenged Confucian patriarchy Chinese-style court rituals and court rankings Chinese calendar Chinese-based taxation systems Chinese-style law codes and bureaucratic government structure Chinese-style writing system

Japanese Women Escaped the more oppressive features of Chinese Confucian culture; could: Inherit property Live apart from their husbands Get divorced easily Remarry if widowed or divorced