Elizabeth Bentley: when she defected in 1945, she became an informer for the US Government, naming around 80 Americans involved in espionage.

THE HISS TRIAL Alger Hiss, served in government departments and was accused of perjury (faux témoignage) in 1948 Served 44 months in prison for espionage. Claimed his innocence and tried to clear his name for the rest of his life.

The Rosenbergs trial (1950-51)

Consequences of the trial: Worldwide protest The conviction helped to fuel McCarthy's investigations into Anti-American ativities by US citizens. The Rosenbergs were the only two American civilians to be executed for espionage during the Cold War. Judge Kaufman held them responsible not only for espionage but also for the deaths of the Korean War

The Hollywood black list

screenwriters, directors, actors suspected of being communists were denied employment. The First blacklist was set up in November 1947: ten actors refused to testify in front of the HUAC (House Committee on Un-American Activities) Writers suspected of being communists had for example their names omitted from the screen

An anti-communist tract for radio and television the pamphlet-style book was issued by a right wing journal Counterattack on June 22nd 1950 It names 151 actors, writers, musicians, broadcast journalists, and others