Quantitative Chemical Analysis

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Presentation transcript:

Quantitative Chemical Analysis Daniel C. Harris Quantitative Chemical Analysis Seventh Edition Chapter 4 Statistics Copyright © 2007 by W. H. Freeman and Company

mean Standard deviation

A Gaussian curve in which μ = 0 and σ = 1 A Gaussian curve in which μ = 0 and σ = 1. A Gaussian curve whose area is unity is called a normal error curve. In this case, the abscissa, x, is equal to z, defined as z = (x − μ)/σ.

HOW CLOSE IS YOUR MEASURED AVERAGE TO THE REAL VALUE?

Federal official vote for the state of Florida (25 electoral votes) Presidential Candidate Vote Total % Party George W. Bush (W) 2,912,790 48.847 Republican Al Gore 2,912,253 48.838 Democratic Ralph Nader 97,421 1.634 Green Patrick J. Buchanan 17,484 0.293 Reform Harry Browne 16,415 0.275 Libertarian John Hagelin 2,281 0.038 Natural Law/Reform Howard Phillips 1,378 0.023 Constitution Other 3,028 0.051 — Total 5,963,110 Source: 2000 OFFICIAL PRESIDENTIAL GENERAL ELECTION RESULTS

CAN YOU THROW OUT OUTLAYERS?

0.11/0.2 = 0.55 For 5 measurements Q = 0.65 So…….. KEEP!

WHAT LINE CAN YOU DRAW THROUGH THE POINTS??

WHAT LINE CAN YOU DRAW THROUGH THE POINTS??

calibration (-blanks)

Standard addition

Standard addition

Standard addition

Internal standard

calibration (-blanks) Internal standard Standard addition