Energy & Matter Chapter 11.

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Presentation transcript:

Energy & Matter Chapter 11

Ecosystem Function One-way flow of energy Cycling of matter

Matter and Energy Flow in Ecosystems Food chains Food webs Trophic levels

Diamondback rattlesnake Red-tailed hawk Producer to primary consumer Gambel's quail Primary to secondary consumer Yucca Agave Jack rabbit Collared lizard Secondary to higher-level consumer Prickly pear cactus All producers and consumers to decomposers Roadrunner Diamondback rattlesnake Darkling beetle Bacteria Fungi Kangaroo rat

Ecological Pyramids Pyramid of energy flow Ecological efficiency (10%) Pyramid of biomass Pyramid of numbers

Ecological Efficiency 48 different studies - range of 2 to 24% trophic level transfer efficiencies Average was 10.13%

Energy Productivity of Ecosystems Primary productivity Secondary productivity Energy stored/area/time

Matter Cycling in Ecosystems -Biogeochemical or nutrient cycles -Hydrologic cycle (H2O) -Atmospheric or gaseous cycles (C, N) -Sedimentary cycles (P, S)

Hydrologic (Water) Cycle Driven by physical forces

The Carbon Cycle Driven by biological forces: photosynthesis and respiration

The Nitrogen Cycle Driven by biological forces: bacteria Root nodules on legumes Cyanobacteria Driven by biological forces: bacteria

The Phosphorus Cycle Driven by physical forces