Use of the Atomic Bombs in Japan

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Presentation transcript:

Use of the Atomic Bombs in Japan The End of WWII Use of the Atomic Bombs in Japan

What is an atomic bomb? A nuclear weapon that creates mass destruction An atom of a heavy element (like uranium) is split and releases an enormous amount of energy

Why did the U.S. start thinking about an atomic bomb? 1905 - German physicist, Albert Einstein, theorized that a large amount of energy could be released from a small amount of matter Einstein: pacifist, Jewish, saw German atrocities August 2, 1939 (before WWII) two German physicist, Leo Szilard and Eugene Wigner were concerned that Germany was developing an atomic bomb. They didn’t have much influence, so they explained their concerns to Einstein The 3 men wrote FDR to tell him they were concerned that Germany might be working on an atomic bomb

Development of the Atom Bomb FDR receives letter – October 1939 (right after Germany invaded Poland) A committee is formed to study uranium atoms (Briggs Committee) Research was slow…people were unsure an atomic bomb was possible

Manhattan Project Code name for the research going on around the bomb Research picked up pace $2 billion spent on research from 1939-1945 Robert Oppenheimer This was a massive scientific invention/discovery Oak Ridge, Tennessee Facility 

The Test (“The Gadget”) Finally, after $2 billion and over 600,000 people’s work (most had no idea what they were helping with)… Dud or Success? Los Alamos, NM July 16, 1945 Flash could be seen 180 Miles away

Reactions to the Test Oppenheimer: “A few people laughed, a few people cried, most people were silent” When he saw it, he said he thought of two passages from Bhagavad-Gita “If the radiance of a thousand suns were to burst into the sky, that would be the splendor of the Mighty One.” “I am become Death, the shatterer of worlds” Some witnesses signed a petition to keep the bomb from being used, but it didn’t go anywhere

Decision to Bomb FDR dies April 14, 1945 (President Truman) Germany surrenders April 25, 1945 Japan still fighting through summer At a war conference allies told them to surrender or they would face total destruction…they did not surrender Allies ready to end war…win in Iwo Jima and Okinawa opened way to invade Japan

Hiroshima An industrial area with military Bases, a source of communication, 2nd General’s headquarters Population: about 350,000 City previously left untouched

Bombing of Hiroshima Enola Gay (plane) “Little Boy” (bomb) August 6th, 1945 Radius of destruction: 1 mile…. 69% buildings turned to dust Deaths: 70,000 immediately 90-140,000 estimated deaths due to health problems caused by bomb

Nagasaki “Fat Man” dropped August 9, 1945 Death toll estimates: 3 days after Hiroshima Death toll estimates: 40-75,000 immediately Up to 80,000 in end

August 14, 1945 Japan surrenders Long-term August 14, 1945 Japan surrenders WWII ends