Is Abuse Causally Related to Urologic Symptoms Is Abuse Causally Related to Urologic Symptoms? Results from the Boston Area Community Health (BACH) Survey Carol L. Link, Karen E. Lutfey, William D. Steers, John B. McKinlay European Urology Volume 52, Issue 2, Pages 397-406 (August 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2007.03.024 Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions
Fig. 1 Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals of frequency, urgency, and nocturia for each type of abuse. Line at 1=no effect; O=overall; M=men; F=women; B=black (African American); H=Hispanic; W=white. (The data are listed in Table 4). European Urology 2007 52, 397-406DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2007.03.024) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions
Fig. 2 Prevalence (percent) of frequency, urgency, and nocturia with increasing frequency of abuse. HKB=hit, kick, or beat; TL=seriously threaten life; E=emotionally abused; N=never, S=seldom; Oc=occasionally; Of=often. (The data are listed in Table 5). European Urology 2007 52, 397-406DOI: (10.1016/j.eururo.2007.03.024) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions