Glycosaminoglycan Therapy for Bladder Diseases: Emerging New Treatments Pier Francesco Bassi, Elisabetta Costantini, Steve Foley, Stefano Palea European Urology Supplements Volume 10, Issue 6, Pages 451-459 (October 2011) DOI: 10.1016/j.eursup.2011.06.001 Copyright © 2011 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions
Fig. 1 Experimental protocol for repeated treatment with sodium hyaluronate–chondroitin sulfate (HA-CS) in an animal bladder model [25]. KCl=potassium chloride; PS=protamine sulfate; s.c.=subcutaneous. European Urology Supplements 2011 10, 451-459DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2011.06.001) Copyright © 2011 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions
Fig. 2 Urinary function results: bladder capacity (BC), threshold pressure (ThP), micturition pressure (MP), and bladder compliance with instillations of sodium hyaluronate–chondroitin sulfate (HA-CS) in the rat bladder model [25]. ANOVA=analysis of variance; KCl=potassium chloride; NaCl=sodium chloride; PS=protamine sulfate. European Urology Supplements 2011 10, 451-459DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2011.06.001) Copyright © 2011 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions
Fig. 3 Kaplan-Meier plot of time to recurrence of infection in patients with recurrent urinary tract infections receiving intravesical sodium hyaluronate–chondroitin sulfate (HA/CS) or placebo. Reproduced with permission from Elsevier [32]. European Urology Supplements 2011 10, 451-459DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2011.06.001) Copyright © 2011 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions
Fig. 4 Urinary function parameters in patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome receiving intravesical sodium hyaluronate–chondroitin sulfate [2]. VAS=visual analog scale. European Urology Supplements 2011 10, 451-459DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2011.06.001) Copyright © 2011 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions
Fig. 5 Quality-of-life assessments in patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome receiving intravesical sodium hyaluronate–chondroitin sulfate [2]. European Urology Supplements 2011 10, 451-459DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2011.06.001) Copyright © 2011 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions
Fig. 6 Efficacy of intravesical sodium hyaluronate–chondroitin sulfate in 17 patients with interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome, treated in a district general hospital in Reading, UK [37]. PUF=Pelvic Pain and Urinary/Frequency (score); VA=visual analog (scale score). European Urology Supplements 2011 10, 451-459DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2011.06.001) Copyright © 2011 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions