WARM UP – October 2 Grab the handouts from the front table and answer the following questions on a post it: 1. What was the government of the middle ages called? What was the economy of the middle ages called? 2. Who owned the land under feudalism? Who runs the land? Who protects the land? Who works the land? 3. How does the manor system represent a change from the economy of the Roman Empire?

The Middle ages Outcome: The Crusades

The Crusades The Crusades What is a crusade? A holy war involving the journey of thousands of Europeans to reclaim the holy land of Jerusalem in the name of Christianity In all, there were 8 or 9 Crusades (depending on your source)

The Crusades When were the Crusades? Starts in 1093 and lasts for nearly 300 years

The Crusades Why crusade? Social, Economic, Spiritual, & Political reasons Social: Opportunity to get knights to stop fighting each other and fight a new foe. These knights threatened peace in Europe. Economic: The Holy Lands of Jerusalem were generally wealthier than Europe and many wanted to get their share of that wealth

The Crusades Why crusade? Social, Economic, Spiritual, & Political reasons Economic: Younger sons who did not stand to inherit father’s property were looking for wealth and adventure Economic: Merchants supplied loans to finance the journey

The Crusades Why crusade? Social, Economic, Spiritual, & Political reasons Political: A chance for the pope to gain territory instead of Byzantine rival Spiritual: Fight/die on Crusade = ticket to heaven (Christian contradiction)

The Crusades What happened: First Crusade Pope Urban II called for a holy war against Muslims controlling holy lands Urban’s call brought tremendous support for the Crusade Those who died on Crusade were assured a ticket to heaven “God wills it!” was the battle cry 3,000 mile journey from Europe to Jerusalem Eventually, 12,000 approached Jerusalem and besieged it for a month On July 15, 1099, the Christians captured the city In the process, the Christians slaughtered all of the Muslims left in the city

The Crusades Second Crusade The Muslim Army under command of Saladin captured Jerusalem again in 1187 The Christians crusade to defeat Saladin and recapture the city

The Crusades The Third Crusade Led by 3 of Europe’s most powerful monarchs Philip II of France – went home German Emperor Frederick – drowned on journey

The Crusades The Third Crusade English King Richard the Lion-Hearted Fought many battles against Saladin Agreed to a truce with Saladin in 1192 Jerusalem stayed under Muslim control Saladin promised unarmed Christians could freely visit the city’s holy places

The Crusades Other attempts 4th Crusade failed to recapture Jerusalem In the 1200s, four more Crusades were also unsuccessful The Children’s Crusade

The Crusades Effects of the Crusades Example of Church power Trade expanded between Europe and Southwest Asia Thousands of knights and other participants lost their lives Those who survived brought back culture to Europe Persecution of Jews; thousands were slaughtered because they were infidels Failure of later crusades lessened the power of the pope The Crusades weakened the power of the feudal nobility (Knights were dead) Began a legacy of bitterness and hatred of Christians for the Muslims and vice versa

The Crusades Result: The Crusades were a violation of “Thou Shalt Not Kill.” It was also an example of an abuse of church power. The effects of the Crusades are still felt through that region of the world today.

EFFECTS OF CRUSADES Commercial Revolution Trade Fairs – expansion of trade and business Business and Banking Revival of Learning – Universities are created Urban Life Flourishes – people return To cities

BUBONIC PLAGUE 1300s - DEADLY DISEASE AFFECTED PARTS OF ASIA, NORTH AFRICA, AND EUROPE DESTROYED SOCIETIES KILLED ⅓ OF THE POPULATION OF EUROPE

EFFECTS OF THE PLAGUE *ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL EFFECTS OF THE PLAGUE *TOWN POPULATIONS FELL *TRADE DECLINES *BELIEF IN THE CHURCH DECLINES *NOBLES AND PEASANTS FIGHT OVER WAGES *JEWS WERE BLAMED FOR THE PLAGUE

EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES *FEUDALISM *LITTLE TRADE *NO UNIFICATION IN GOVERNMENT *POPULATION IS SPREAD OUT AND RURAL

EFFECTS OF THE CRUSADES *END OF FEUDALISM *LOTS OF TRADING *STRONG CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENTS *POPULATION RETURNS TO CITIES

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