Note Final Exam-please check final schedule Essays due-lateness unacceptable

Note Nutrition 265-Fall 2011- Principles of Nutrition in Human Metabolism Nutrition 205-Nutritional Assessment-Theory-Fall 2011 Nutrition 207- Nutritional Assessment-Application- Winter 2012 or Nutrition 201-Sports Nutrition-Winter 2012-pending -pending approval of 201

Lecture 33- 23 March 2011   Nutrition and Disease

Introduction   Nutrition can completely prevent or completely cure, partially prevent or partially cure disease

Completely prevent   Example-Diseases arising from nutritional deficiency eg blindness and vitamin A Same could be said for toxicity- never take toxic amounts of a nutrient eg calories from any source re: obesity

Completely cure   Example-Diseases arising from nutritional deficiency eg blindness and vitamin A deficiency Same could be said for for toxicity- eliminate consumption of toxic amounts of a nutrient- eg iron

Partially prevent   Example-atherosclerosis, type II diabetes, cancer -partially because of genetic factors

Partially cure   Example-atherosclerosis, type II diabetes -partially because of genetic factors

Atherosclerosis Pathology Plugging of arterial wall with cholesterol and platelets

Atherosclerosis Pathology Lipoproteins High density lipoprotein (HDL) -pulls cholesterol out of arterial wall   Low density lipoprotein (LDL) -pumps cholesterol into arterial wall most of cholesterol in the blood is on LDL this is why increased levels of cholesterol in the blood are a concern- ie as blood cholesterol goes up so does LDLc

Atherosclerosis Pathology triglycerides are also a concern as blood triglyceride increases, HDLc goes down and LDL becomes more aggressive in putting cholesterol into the arterial wall   so there is a constant competition between HDL and LDL to control levels of cholesterol in the arterial wall

Atherosclerosis Pathology Platelets   Cells in blood that are part of the clotting process As blood cholesterol goes up platelets become more active ie stick together more easily This platelet stickiness causes plugged arteries

Can slow or partially reverse atherosclerotic process Atherosclerosis Nutritionally Can slow or partially reverse atherosclerotic process   Diet -eating in accordance with Canada’s Food Guide -keep fat calories percentage of total calories to less than 30 % and saturated fats calories to less than 7 % of total calories These dietary measures keeps a good ratio between HDL and LDL and cholesterol and keeps triglycerides and platelet function at normal levels

Atherosclerosis Nutritionally Functional foods – eg fish and flax these keep a good ratio between HDL and LDL and keeps cholesterol and triglycerides and platelet function at normal levels   Nutraceuticals- eg flax oil and fish oil- these keeps a good ratio between HDL and LDL and keeps cholesterol and triglycerides and platelet function at normal levels

Type II diabetes  Pathology   Metabolic syndrome Obesity- body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2) greater than 30 Increased blood pressure (>140/90) Dyslipidemia- low HDLc, increased triglycerides, aggressive LDL Increasing platelet clumping

Type II diabetes  Pathology Metabolic syndrome continued Decreased insulin sensitivity-this means that there is trouble with the interaction between the insulin and its receptors on the cells that are having glucose pumped into those cells  

Type II diabetes Nutritionally   Diet-Follow that stated above in terms of diet for atherosclerosis Additionally this controls weight, blood pressure, plasma lipid levels, platelet aggregation levels and increases insulin sensitivity

Type II diabetes Functional foods Canola and fish Can partially alleviate metabolic syndrome   Leading edge research- flax seed

Type II diabetes Nutraceuticals Canola oil, fish oil   Leading edge research- flax oil and fungal oil