Using Statistics in Biology

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Presentation transcript:

Using Statistics in Biology

Histogram

Mean (x̄) is a measure of the central tendency of a set of data. Ex. Calculate the mean. Answer = 11.6

Graphing the Mean  Bar Graph

Error bars are a graphical representation of the variability of data.

Measures of Variability Range: difference between largest/smallest values in data set Standard deviation (s) is a measure of the spread of most of the data

68% of all data fall within ± 1 standard deviation of the mean

Measurements of Confidence Uncertainty: the margin of error in a measurement Eg. digital scale: 126.4g (±0.1g)

Standard Error of the Mean (SE or SEM): measures how close the sample mean is to the population mean The greater the sample size, the less the uncertainty in the calculations

95% confidence interval (95% CI): 95% confident that the true means falls between 2 SE above/below calculated mean Graph with error bars representing SE of the mean Graph with error bars representing 95% confidence interval

Significance of Data Which graph shows two means that are significantly different? Hint: Look for the non-overlapping error bars. Answer: The means in (c) are statistically different.