Classification Chapter 18-1
Taxonomy A method of classifying organisms and assigning each organism a universally accepted name
6001 E. Wallisville Rd. Baytown, Texas 77521 Can someone from another country get to this address if they wanted to? Yes, because an address is a universal language just like taxonomy is a scientists’ universal language
Scientists classify organisms by putting them into groups We also use classification systems EX: Teacher → Science Teacher → Biology Teacher → Ms. Bogar (more specific)
Linnaeus’s System of Classification Includes 7 levels From largest to smallest they are: Kingdom → Phylum → Class → Order → Family → Genus → Species (more inclusive to less inclusive) *HINT: more inclusive = less specific less inclusive = more specific King Phillip Came Over For Good Soup Each level is called a taxon This is how we classify every living organism
Binomial Nomenclature Carolus Linnaeus developed a two-word scientific naming system called binomial nomenclature that we use today to name organisms Always in Latin Always italicized or underlined The first word is always capitalized The second word is always lowercased
What is the scientific name for humans? Homo sapiens The first part of the name is the genus – a group of closely related species The second part of the name is the species – specific characteristics unique to the organism When genus is the same, organisms are closely related
Examples Ursus arctos Ursus maritimum Ailuropoda melanoleuca Do A and B belong to the same genus or species? Genus 2. Which ones are most closely related? A and B 3. Which one is more inclusive genus or species? Which one is more specific genus or species? Species
Examples 5. What do you think Felis catus is? Cat 6. What do you think Canis familiaris is? Dog 7. What does the first name refer to? Genus 8. Are cats and dogs closely related? Why? No, because they do not have the same genus
Examples Which classification level is more inclusive? Order Order (Carnivora) Dog Wolf Fox Mountain Lion Family (Canidae) Genus (Canis) Which classification level is more inclusive? Order What is the genus name for Dog and Wolf? Canis Which two organisms are the most closely related? Why? Dog and Wolf, because they have the same genus
Examples Which two types of bears are closely related? Domain Eukaraya Kingdom Anamailia (all animals) Phylum Chordata (birds, mammals, reptiles, amphibians, fish) Class Mamalia (warm blooded, body hair, produce milk for young) Order Carnivora (cats, dogs, fox, bears) Grizzly Bear Polar Bear Panda Bear Family Ursidae Genus Ursus Ailuropoda Species arctos maritimus melanoleuca Which two types of bears are closely related? Grizzly Bear and Polar Bear 2. What phylum do humans belong too? Chordata
Class Example Domain Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Children Students GCM students Biology students Over 5 feet tall Brown eyes Female Left-handed