Climatological mean features and interannual to decadal variability of ring formations in the Kuroshio Extension.

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Climatological mean features and interannual to decadal variability of ring formations in the Kuroshio Extension region Yoshi N. Sasaki and S. Minobe Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Japan

Kuroshio Extension (KE) region Standard deviation of sea level Kuroshio Extension [cm]

Ring formaiton in the KE region An eddy shed from a jet is referred as a ring Rings transport large amount of heat, salt and momentum 11 July 2010 12 July 2010

Ring, Eddy or Meander? Sea Level Anomaly

Ring, Eddy or Meander? Sea Surface Height Meander Ring Eddy

Purposes To propose a new method for objectively capturing ring formation To apply this mothed to clarify ring properties in the KE region across-jet heat transport

Procedure The path of the KE jet axis is determined from daily sea surface height by AVISO If the length of the jet decreases by more than 300 km per day, this decrease is a candidate of a ring formation The pinched-off ring is tracked using a neighbor enclosed area tracking method (Inatsu 2009) If the ring survives more than 14 days, we consider that the ring formation event has occurred

Trajectory

Trajectory The westward propagation speed of anticyclonic and cyclonic rings was 2.6 cm s-1 and 3.4 cm s-1, respectively. [cm/s] Zonal phase speed of the KE meander

Ring properties amplitude relative vorticity lifetime area

Location of ring formation Cyclonic Anticyclonic 107 anticyclonic and 111 cyclonic rings are formed in the KE region from 1992 to 2010 Cyclonic (Anticyclonic) rings are frequently shed in the upstream (downstream) region

Location of ring absorption Cyclonic Anticyclonic About two-third of the rings (141 rings) returned to the jet Next, we estimate across-jet heat transport by rings that are not returned to the jet

Across-jet heat transport A heat content anomaly H associated with a ring is H = (Sea level anomaly)  ρcp A/, where ρ is density, cp is specific heat, A is area of rings and  is thermal expansion coefficient The frequency of ring formation was 4.3 per year Using these values, the across-jet heat transport by the rings is 2.3  1013 W (= 0.023 PW) This is about one-fourth of the meridional eddy heat transport across the North Pacific at 35N (~1.0 x 1014 W)

Summary The new method for detecting pinch-off rings is proposed 107 anticyclonic and 111 cyclonic ring formations are observed from 1992 to 2010, while about two-third of these rings returned to the jet One-fourth of the meridional eddy heat transport was caused by the rings shed from the KE jet Sasaki, Y. N., and S. Minobe, 2015: Climatological mean features and interannual to decadal variability of ring formations in the Kuroshio Extension region. Journal of Oceanography, 71, 499-509, doi:10.1007/s10872-014-0270-4.