EQ: How did early civil rights leaders impact Georgia’s political, social, and economic changes? Cultural Leaders

Booker T. Washington Born as a slave in Virginia Became the leader of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama (now Tuskegee University). Believed that economic independence was the key to African Americans gaining equality. Education, hard work, save money “Earn” equality Remember the “Atlanta Compromise” speech?

W.E.B. DuBois Born free in Massachusetts earned a PhD from Harvard University Became a professor at Atlanta University At first, he agreed with Booker T. Washington Did not agree with the “Atlanta Compromise” Thought African Americans should insist on equal rights, voting rights, equality in education now. Helped start the NAACP in 1909 http://www.biography.com/people/web-du-bois-9279924/videos/web-du-bois-the-niagara-movement-5105219600

NAACP National Association for the Advancement of Colored People It grew out of the Niagara Movement Purpose: to work for rights of African Americans A major goal was to help get cases heard through the court system. Attempt to gain rights through the judicial system Mission: “To promote equality of rights and to eradicate caste or race prejudice among the citizens of the United States; to advance the interest of colored citizens; to secure for them impartial suffrage; and to increase their opportunities for securing justice in the courts, education for the children, employment according to their ability and complete equality before law.”

Alonzo Herndon Born a slave (in Walton County!) Became Atlanta’s first black millionaire Learned how to be a barber Moved to Atlanta and opened up his first shop in 1883 Left Social Circle on foot with $11 (risk) By 1904 he owned 3 barber shops, a block of office buildings, and 100 rental houses In 1905 he bought a failing insurance company for $140 and turned it into a company that is worth more than $200 million today (Atlanta Life Insurance Company) Helped fund the Niagara Movement (led to the NAACP)

John Hope John Hope was the first African American president of Atlanta Baptist College (Morehouse). Later became first African American president of Atlanta University Helped form the Atlanta University Center Complex with 6 African American educational institutions Very important figure in terms of the development of college education for African Americans. Participated in the Niagara Movement (led to the NAACP)

Lugenia Burns Hope Wife of John Hope After noticing the poor conditions of neighborhoods in Atlanta, she started the Neighborhood Union in 1908. The Neighborhood Union Offered vocational classes, a health center, clubs for children, and financial aid. Pressured city leaders to improve roads, lighting, and sanitation in Atlanta’s African American neighborhoods.