GENE POOL All the genes of all members of a particular population

MUTATION A change in a sequence of DNA

GENE SHUFFLING Introduces new gene combinations into a population by making sex cells through Meiosis  

A SINGLE GENE TRAIT A trait with 2 alleles (forms of genes) that has 2 possible phenotypes 

POLYGENIC TRAIT A trait with more than 2 alleles (forms of genes) that has MANY possible phenotypes 

DIRECTIONAL SELECTION When individuals at only one end of a bell curve of phenotype frequencies have high fitness

STABILIZING SELECTION When individuals with an average form of a trait have the highest fitness

DISRUPTIVE SELECTION When individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle

GENETIC DRIFT In small populations, an allele can become more or less common just by chance.

FOUNDER EFFECT The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals

GENETIC EQUILIBRIUM The situation in which allele frequencies of a population remain constant