How and to what effect did interregional contact and exchange increase during this era?

Microsoft®Encarta®Reference Library 2002 Microsoft®Encarta®Reference Library 2002. ©1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. During this time period (300-1500 C.E)many connections were established among regions. These formed interregional patterns of unity.

Cultural exchange had many aspects. Population increased and people migrated. Trade networks expanded and cities grew. Huge empires brought many different groups of people together. People shared ideas across regions.

So how did contact and exchange change during this time-period?? Population Trade So how did contact and exchange change during this time-period?? Ideas Empires

World population grew from about 250 million to 460 million between 200 CE and 1500 CE.

Population growth in Afroeurasia affected the environment. Deforestation happened when cities and farming expanded. (SLASH AND BURN)

Due to higher population, land was destroyed causing groups to migrate (move) Migrating groups introduced new plants and animals into their new homes. Technologies for farming, warfare, and crafts spread as people moved. Languages, styles of living, and arts also spread.

EXAMPLE If China got too crowded, people from China might leave and move somewhere else. But, they would take their customs, language, foods, and traditions with them. Causes and sometimes caused by SLASH and BURN!

People migrated to new places in (and out) of Afroeurasia. Population Vikings Mongols Germanic Tribes Turkic Groups Chinese Arabs Bantu-Speaking People of Africa People of Oceania People migrated to new places in (and out) of Afroeurasia.

Empires changed…New ones formed using the foundations of old empires.

States and Empires in 600 CE Sui China Silla Parhae Yamoto Japan Harsha’ Empire Chalukya Avar Kingdom Frankish Kingdoms Ghana Axum Sassanid Empire Byzantine Empire States and Empires in 600 CE

States and Empires in 800 CE Ghana Carolingian Byzantine Abbasid Caliphate Axum Gurjara-Pratihara Tang China Srivijaya Parhae Silla Cordoba Caliphate Heian Japan States and Empires in 800 CE

States and Empires in 1237 CE Scandanavian Kingdoms Russia England Poland H.R.E. Mongol Empire France Spain Hungary Rum Koryo Portugal Almohad Caliphate Sung China Kamakura Japan Ayyubid Caliphate Delhi Sultanate Mali Angkor Ethiopia Oyo Benin Zimbabwe States and Empires in 1237 CE

States and Empires in 1400 CE Union of Kalmar Russian States Scotland England Poland-Lithuania Khanate of the Golden Horde Jagatai Khanate Holy Roman Empire France Hungary Portugal Castile Ottoman Emp. Korea Timurid Empire Ashikaga Japan Granada Ming China Marinids Hafsids Mamluk Sultanate Mali Ethiopia Siam Oyo Benin Vijayanagara Zanj City-States Majapahit Zimbabwe States and Empires in 1400 CE

How did states and empires stimulate cultural exchanges in Afroeurasia? Wars led to destruction but produced new inventions. Strong governments protected trade routes. Science, religious institutions, and arts, grew and spread. Large states brought together many ethnic, language, and religious groups.

EXAMPLE: The Mongols United Asia and part of Europe (Kublai Khan), so all different Asian cultures came into contact with each other and shared ideas and beliefs. Made trade routes safer. The main religion of the Byzantine Empire was Christian and the main language was Greek. When the Ottoman Turks conquered the Byzantine Empire, they brought their customs and religion (ISLAM) and language (ARABIC and PERSIAN) with them to the new land.

The number of cities grew, as well as trade networks between them. Trade was also closely linked to cultural exchange. Empires supported trade in Afroeurasia. Merchants traveled great distances in search of wealth…Remember the Silk Roads?

Trade Microsoft®Encarta®Reference Library 2002. ©1993-2001 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. From 300-1500 CE, trade routes extended farther and were used by more travelers.

How did expanding trade networks bring about cultural exchanges in Afroeurasia? Trade helped spread religions, languages, ideas, and arts. The more people talk to and come into contact with others…the more they learn and the smarter they get! Trade stimulated use of natural resources. Cities and manufacturing centers grew bigger. Banks, credit, and money systems encouraged regional and long distance trade.

When people came in contact they also spread Disease!!!! Thanks to the Mongols trading and conquering they help spread the deadly disease, The Black Plague, that wiped out at least 1/3 of the world’s population!!

EXAMPLE The Silk Roads connected Asia to Europe so they could trade goods with each other (SILK and spices, and gold and salt). As people talked to people from other parts of the world, they learned new things and got smarter. CRUSADES increased trade!!! Crusaders brought Middle-Eastern items back to Europe. Diseases (especially BLACK PLAGUE) also spread on trade routes.

The spread of major religions from 300-1500 CE :90 second video Buddhism Hinduism Islam Christianity Ideas The spread of major religions from 300-1500 CE :90 second video

religions across Afroeurasia? Ideas Who spread these major religions across Afroeurasia? Monks spread Buddhism. Traders and Sufi orders spread Islam. Missionaries spread Christianity.

Scholars studied and spread knowledge in many institutions of learning. Ideas Sung scholar Korean library European astronomer Muslim astronomers

Natural sciences developed in Ideas Natural sciences developed in many places. Indian Chinese Muslim European

Transport and communication technologies improved. Ideas Stern-rudder Mapmaking Books & paper Astrolabe Lateen sail Stirrup North Arabian camel saddle

Water & energy technologies were transferred across Afroeurasia. Ideas Hydraulic systems carried water where expanding cities needed it. Wheels lifted water to irrigate crops and drain swamps. Waterwheels, windmills, and trip- hammers provided energy for pumping, grinding, milling, and pounding.

EXAMPLE Religions were shared and spread between regions. (Buddhism spread by Monks, Christianity spread by missionaries). Astronomers from different parts of the world would share ideas and learn from each other. Because people shared ideas, lots of new inventions became invented.

Crops also spread across Afroeurasia Crops also spread across Afroeurasia. Travelers and migrants introduced plants into new regions. People began to grow, eat, and sell these crops

Citrus fruits rolled from Southwest Asia to Spain. Ideas Citrus fruits rolled from Southwest Asia to Spain. Cane sugar traveled from India to the Mediterranean.

Due to Increased Trade The pace of innovation (inventing things) increased. Knowledge accumulated more quickly. Manufacturing and farming productivity increased. More trade routes were developed. Disease was also spread wider and quicker. (Black Plague)

Thinking about today’s notes Construct a claim (thesis) to answer the below question with 3 reasons to support your claim (talking points) How and to what effect did interregional contact and exchange increase during this era? In other words, explain how different parts of the world started interacting with each other. What kinds of things were spread/shared and how?

Essay Format This essay will be 5 paragraphs. Intro, 3 body paragraphs (one for each point you choose to focus on)-Make sure to include 9 specific facts/details, and a Conclusion. Example… Intro with claim identifying which 3 points you will be talking about. (ONE sentence only) First talking point that will support your claim (Population Growth, Empires, Trade Networks, Spread of Ideas, etc.) Include 3 Specific Details in this paragraph. Second talking point that will support your claim (Population Growth, Empires, Trade Networks, Spread of Ideas, etc.) Include 3 Specific Details in this paragraph. Third talking point that will support your claim (Population Growth, Empires, Trade Networks, Spread of Ideas, etc.) Include 3 Specific Details in this paragraph. Conclusion-Brief summary re-stating claim. (ONE sentence only)

Class Examples “Exchange and contact increased dramatically because of (1, 2, 3).” Remember this whole presentation addresses the question so go back and highlight your specific facts you can include in your paper to SUPPORT your CLAIM/THESIS

ALTERNATIVE: “Exchange and contact increased dramatically because of (1, 2, 3).” 1. Mongols 2. Plague 3. Crusades You would still have to address how these things effected contact between different people and use 9 specific facts about these events to support your argument.