Review
Spontaneous Generation (Abiogenesis) What is it? The _________________ that living things can arise from _________________ material. Examples: 1) A dirty _________________ placed in a container of _________________ would produce _________________. 2) _________________ and _________________ formed in clouds and fell to the earth 3) _________________ came from _________________ and decaying bodies.
Biogenesis Do a drawing on your table describing biogenesis Bonus!!! Define: Bio- Gen-
Who was the Italian scientist who helped disprove spontaneous generation? _________________ How did he do it? – describe with your partner Placed bits of _________________, snake, fish and eel into _________________ different jars. 1st Experiment (Experimental) _____________ jars maggots _________________ 2nd Experiment (Controlled) _____________ jars ______ maggots formed 3rd Experiment _____________ covered jars _______ maggots formed
Who was the English scientist and what did he do? _________________ _________________ meat broth for a few minutes in a _________________ _________________ _________________. After a few days, he found it had _________________ _________________. Claimed that boiling had _________________ all life in the broth What did he conclude from this? Organisms formed _________________ because the flasks were _________________ and life _________________ _________________.
How did Lazzaro Spallanzani discredit Needham’s results? Concluded: The broth was _________________ _________________ long enough to _________________ all life. Concluded: The flasks were _________________ _________________ tightly enough _________________ the opening of the _________________, _________________ the broth longer and _________________ _________________ were formed.
What was Pasteur’s Experiment? Draw it
First Forms of Life What were the first forms of life? Describe them _________________ Dependent on _________________ _________________ molecules for food (_________________) _________________ because the early atmosphere contained no _________________
What is the Heterotroph Hypothesis? The first living organism was a _______________. Heterotrophs are organisms that ____________________________ by feeding on others (or on organic compounds) Hetero = __________ troph = __________________ Before there were other organisms, they would feed on ______________ “left-overs” of their origin.
How did autotrophs begin to arise? Dissolved organic molecules began to _________________ Allowed _________________ organisms to _________________ Photosynthetic organisms produced _________________ Gave rise to _________________ _________________
What type of protection came from the production of oxygen? _________________ Protection from _________________ _________________
How did photosynthesis change the world? Atmosphere had very little _________________ Organisms lived in the _________________ _________________ Allowed for new _________________ to survive
Describe Eukaryotic cells Draw a eukaryotic cell with a partner
What is the significance of sexual reproduction? Evolution drastically _________________ Offspring never _________________ _________________ their parents or siblings _________________ genetic variation = increased chances of _________________ change from _________________ _________________
How were the first cells discovered? _________________, discovered cells while looking at a thin slice of _________________. How were they described? tiny _________________ or a honeycomb He thought that cells only existed in _________________ and _________________.
How was it discovered that cells are found in animals and plants? _________________ used a handmade _________________ to observe pond scum & discovered _________________ _________________ He called them “_________________” He also observed _________________ cells from fish, birds, frogs, dogs, and humans
As a table, describe spontaneous generation and give an example
What was the tiny sphere in the middle of plant cells? the _________________, and soon after these _________________ were also found in _________________ cells. This discovery was the beginning of what theory? __________________________________
What is the common name for “protoplasm? And who discovered it? _________________ Felix Dujardin What else did he conclude? Microorganisms consist of a _________________ cell
Who concluded plant parts are made of cells? _________________ _________________ Who concluded stated all animal tissues are composed of cells? _________________ _________________
What was Virchow’s conclusion? Cells must arise from _________________ cells
List the original Cell Theory All organisms are composed of _________________ or _________________ cells. (Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39) The cell is the _________________ __________ of life in all living things. (Schleiden & Schwann)(1838-39) All cells are produced by the _________________ of _________________ cells. (Virchow)(1858)
What changed in the Modern Cell Theory? The cell contains _________________ information(DNA) which is passed on from cell to cell during cell _________________. 5. All cells are basically the same in chemical _________________ and _________________ activities. 6. All basic chemical & _________________ functions are carried out ________________ the cells (movement, digestion, etc.) 7. Cell activity depends on the activities of _________________ structures within the cell (organelles, nucleus, plasma membrane)
Characteristics of Life Movement – there is movement within all living things Reproduction – necessary for the survival of a species Sensitivity – respond to the environment Growth – always replacing existing material Adaptation – passes from parent to offspring Nutrition – use energy, need water and organic chemicals Cells & Organization – the cells are organized
Come up with your own Mnemonic
Give 2 examples of other cultures’ understanding of life
Journal Entry Describe how you believe that advances in technology can help us understand the characteristics of life and how this may aid with the discrepancies in our current understandings of life.