Type 2 Diabetes Management:  Where Are We Heading in Our Efforts to Control CV Risk?

Introduction/Background

December 2008 FDA Guidance on Evaluating CV Risk in New Antidiabetic Therapies for T2DM

EMPA-REG Primary Outcome (3-Point MACE): CV Death, Nonfatal MI, or Nonfatal Stroke

EMPA-REG: Results for CV Death and HHF

EMPA-REG: AEs

CANVAS: CV Results

CANVAS: 2-Fold Increase in Risk for Amputation, Canagliflozin vs Placebo

CANVAS Results: Benefits and Risks

LEADER: Primary Outcome Liraglutide vs Placebo

LEADER: HHF

SUSTAIN-6 (Semaglutide): Primary Outcome Results

CV Safety Trials for the Gliptins: High Expectations but Indifferent Results

SAVOR-TIMI 53 (Saxagliptin): HHF

What Explains the Macro- and Microvascular Improvements Observed in LEADER?

The Cardiorenal Axis: Hemodynamic Benefits Appear Important to SGLT2 Inhibitor Actions

Potential Mechanisms for CV Benefit Associated With Empagliflozin

The "Fuel Hypothesis" as Explanation of Empagliflozin's Cardiorenal Benefits

New Paradigm for Treating the Patient With Both T2DM and CVD

Benefit of Empagliflozin in Patients With HF?

Clear-Cut Clinical Roles for Empagliflozin and Liraglutide

Pharmacologic Therapy for T2DM: ADA 2018 Recommendations

Summary and Conclusions

Abbreviations

Abbreviations (cont)