Thinking about relationships among the major rock groups The Rock Cycle Thinking about relationships among the major rock groups

Major Rock Groups Igneous Sedimentary Metamorphic Formed from a melt (molten rock) Intrusive: slow cooling and crystallization Extrusive: quick cooling at the surface Sedimentary Formed at the Earth’s surface Clastic (Mineral Fragments or grains, clays) Chemical (crystalline chemical/biochemical precipitates) Metamorphic Changed by pressure, temperature.

Fig. 2.9 MAGMA

IGNEOUS Crystallization MAGMA

IGNEOUS INTRUSIVE Crystallization MAGMA

EXTRUSIVE IGNEOUS INTRUSIVE Crystallization MAGMA

Weathering Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

SEDIMENT SEDIMENT Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive Uplift MAGMA Weathering Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

SEDIMENT Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY Uplift MAGMA Erosion Weathering Transport Deposition Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

SEDIMENT Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY Uplift MAGMA Erosion Weathering Transport Deposition Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

SEDIMENT Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Burial Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Burial Uplift MAGMA

Can you see any shortcuts? Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive Can you see any shortcuts? SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

SEDIMENT Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Burial Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

Geology Kitchen 3 Types of Rocks

Geology Kitchen 3 Types of Rocks

In Conclusion… The rock cycle demonstrates the relationships among the three major rock groups It is powered by the interior heat of the Earth ss well as the energy from the sun It involves processes on the Earth’s surface as well as the Earth’s interior It connects the “hydrologic cycle” with the “tectonic cycle”.

SEDIMENT Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY METAMORPHIC Burial Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Extrusive IGNEOUS Intrusive SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

p. 177 1-6 Complete Sentences Now!

How does Igneous Rock Form? When lava or magma cools

Where does lava or magma come from? Deep in the earth Mantle Rocks and minerals melt Magma or lava rises through volcanoes

Intrusive Igneous Forms inside the earth Lava cools slowly Large crystals or grains you can see

Extrusive Igneous Lava cools quickly Small crystals can’t be seen Usually solid color

Classification of Igneous Rock Ask yourself, “Is it intrusive (big crystals) or extrusive (small crystals)? What type of minerals are in them? Either: Felsic Intermediate Mafic

Examples of Igneous Rock: Intrusive Granite is an intrusive igneous rock. It is made mostly of feldspar, quartz, and mica or hornblende.

Examples of Extrusive Igneous Rock Basalt Andisite Pumice Obsidian

This is a sample of breccia, a coarse-grained sedimentary rock with coarse, angular fragments. Compare the grain sizes to the centimeter scale.

This is a sample of limestone, a sedimentary rock made of calcium carbonate that formed under water directly or indirectly from the actions of plants and animals. This fine-grained limestone formed indirectly from the remains of tiny marine organisms.

This is a sample of sandstone, a sedimentary rock that formed from sand grains in a matrix of very fine-grained silt, clay, or other materials. The grains in this sample are mostly the feldspar and quartz minerals, which probably accumulated near the granite from which they were eroded.

This is a sample of marble, a coarse-grained metamorphic rock with interlocking calcite crystals. The calcite crystals were recrystallized from limestone during metamorphism.