Leptospirosis pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome is associated with linear deposition of immunoglobulin and complement on the alveolar surface  J. Croda, A.N.D. Neto, R.A. Brasil, C. Pagliari, A.C. Nicodemo, M.I.S. Duarte  Clinical Microbiology and Infection  Volume 16, Issue 6, Pages 593-599 (June 2010) DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02916.x Copyright © 2010 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

FIG. 1 Alveolar haemorrhage in leptospirosis pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome (LPHS) and control patients, as detected by histology and immunohistochemistry in the alveolar area (Magnification, 400). (a) Lung from control patients with diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (HE) showing an absence of immunoglobulin and C3 deposition; (b) Lung from LPHS patients showing diffuse alveolar haemorrhage (HE) and a delicate linear immunoglobulin and C3 deposition that is adjacent to the alveolar surface (AS staining pattern); (c) Lung from LPHS patients showing alveolar haemorrhage (HE) and mixed AS and S staining pattern; and (d) Lung from LPHS patients (HE) showing haemorrhage and random, multifocal staining along the alveolar septum (S staining pattern). HE = haematoxylin & eosin. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2010 16, 593-599DOI: (10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02916.x) Copyright © 2010 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions

FIG. 2 Proposed pathogenic mechanism involved in leptospirosis pulmonary haemorrhage syndrome (LPHS). Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2010 16, 593-599DOI: (10.1111/j.1469-0691.2009.02916.x) Copyright © 2010 European Society of Clinical Infectious Diseases Terms and Conditions