Introduction to Nonverbal Communication 1/2/2019 MIS 429/529

Impact of nonverbal communication Percent of meaning due to NV 2/3 estimate 93%? International diplomacy examples 1/2/2019 MIS 429/529

Definition Nonverbal communication refers to behaviors that form a socially shared coding system. used with regularity among members of a given social community, society, or culture typically sent with intent typically interpreted as intentional have consensually recognized meanings 1/2/2019 MIS 429/529

Reasons for importance of nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication is ever-present. Nonverbal elements present in virtually all forms of communication Features in written communication 2 January 2019 A CMI Series

Reasons for importance of nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication is ever-present. Nonverbal behaviors are multi-functional. Part of virtually all communication functions E.g., clarifying or qualifying verbal messages, expressing emotions, displaying power 2 January 2019 A CMI Series

Reasons for importance of nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication is ever-present. Nonverbal behaviors are multi-functional. Nonverbal behaviors may form a universal communication system. e.g., smiling, pointing, caressing, threat stares 2 January 2019 A CMI Series

We respond to gestures with an extreme alertness and, one might almost say, in accordance with an elaborate and secret code that is written nowhere, known to none and understood by all . —Edward Sapir 2 January 2019 A CMI Series

Reasons for importance of nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication is ever-present. Nonverbal behaviors are multi-functional. Nonverbal behaviors may form a universal communication system. Nonverbal behaviors create misunderstanding as well as understanding. e.g., photographer anecdote 2 January 2019 A CMI Series

Reasons for importance of nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication is ever-present. Nonverbal behaviors are multi-functional. Nonverbal behaviors may be universal. Nonverbal behaviors create both understanding and misunderstanding. Nonverbal communication has primacy. first form of communication in the species first means of communication in lifespan first available signals in human encounters 2 January 2019 A CMI Series

Reasons for importance of nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication is ever-present. Nonverbal behaviors are multi-functional. Nonverbal behaviors may be universal. Nonverbal behaviors create both understanding and misunderstanding. Nonverbal communication has primacy. phylogenetic ontogenetic Interactional Nonverbal communication can express what verbal communication can’t or shouldn’t. 2 January 2019 A CMI Series

Reasons for importance of nonverbal communication Nonverbal communication is trusted. Nonverbal believed over verbal when the two conflict 2 January 2019 A CMI Series

Importance of nonverbal communication Large percent of meaning due to NV Nonverbal believed over verbal when two conflict 2 January 2019 A CMI Series

The nonverbal codes Visual codes Kinesics Physical appearance 2 January 2019 A CMI Series

The nonverbal codes Visual codes Auditory code Kinesics Physical appearance Auditory code Vocalics 2 January 2019 A CMI Series

The nonverbal codes Contact codes Visual codes Proxemics Haptics Kinesics Physical appearance Auditory code Vocalics 2 January 2019 A CMI Series

The nonverbal codes Visual codes Contact codes Place and time codes Kinesics Physical appearance Auditory code Vocalics Contact codes Proxemics Haptics Place and time codes Artifacts Chronemics 2 January 2019 A CMI Series

Taking More of a Communication Perspective Shifting emphases: From individuals to dyads and interaction From static view of behaviors to process, dynamics From structure to function and process To consider contexts and applications To consider social and biological influences To recognition of importance of communication skills 1/2/2019 MIS 429/529

Alternative Approach: Organization by Functions Introduced by Burgoon & Saine (1978) in The Unspoken Dialogue Assumptions: the nature of the specific communication function determines the nonverbal behaviors to be observed every function has situational characteristics functions are dynamic and transcend single time frames a single nonverbal cue may serve multiple functions a single function may be accomplished through multiple nonverbal cues a single function typically requires the coordination of verbal and nonverbal behaviors 1/2/2019 MIS 429/529

The Communication Functions Producing and Processing Messages Social Cognition and Forming Impressions Projecting Real and Desired Identities Identification Impression Management Expressing Emotions Communicating Relational States Affection and Intimacy   Power and Dominance Defining Situations Managing Conversations Influencing Others Credibility Influence strategies Deceiving others 1/2/2019 MIS 429/529

Questions? 1/2/2019 MIS 429/529