CHAPTER 12 Review

Question? What are the nitrogen bases found in DNA?

Answer: Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, Cytosine

Question? What nitrogen base is found in RNA that is not found in DNA?

Answer: Uracil

Question? List the three types of RNA.

Answer: Ribosomal, transfer, and messenger

Fill-in-the-Blank __________________ is creating a complimentary RNA copy of a sequence of DNA.

Answer: Transcription

Fill-in-the-Blank __________________ is when the cell uses the information from RNA to produce proteins.

Answer: Translation

Question? What are Mutations?

Changes in genetic material Answer: Changes in genetic material

Question? Genes contain instructions for assembling ______?

Answer: proteins

Question? Draw the structure of DNA Clearly label the sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen bases

Answer:

What is a mutation involving one or a few nucleotides? Question? What is a mutation involving one or a few nucleotides?

Answer: A Point Mutation

Question? What is a mutation involving changes in the number or structure of chromosomes?

Answer: Chromosomal Mutation

Question? What type of chromosomal mutation is shown below? A B C D E F → A C D E F

Answer: Deletion: A B C D E F →A C D E F

Question? What type of chromosomal mutation is shown below? A B C D E F → A B C J K L G H I J K L→ G H I D E F

Translocation: A B C D E F → A B C J K L Answer: G H I J K L→ G H I D E F

Question? What type of chromosomal mutation is shown below? A B C D E F →A E D C B F

Answer: Inversion: A B C D E F →A E D C B F

Question? What type of chromosomal mutation is shown below? A B C D E F → A B B C D E F

Answer: Duplication: A B C D E F → A B B C D E F

QUESTION? What is a mutation that occurs when a nucleotide is added or deleted so the codon groupings are shifted for every group that follows the mutation?

Answer: Frameshift Mutation

Question? What Is An Expressed Gene?

Answer: A Gene That is Transcribed into RNA.

Question? Why is gene regulation so important in eukaryotes?

Answer: It allows for cell specialization.

Question? In a eukaryotic cell, where is DNA located?

Answer: Nucleus

Question? What sugar does RNA contain?

Answer: ribose

Question? What process results in one original strand of DNA and one new strand??

Answer: Replication

Question? What nitrogen bases are found in RNA? What nitrogen bases are found in DNA?

Answer: RNA: cytosine, guanine, adenine, & uracil DNA: cytosine, guanine, adenine, & thymine

Question? Genes carry instructions for making __________.

Answer: Proteins

Question? What is made during the process of transcription?

Answer: RNA

Question? How many nucleotides are needed to make 1 codon?

Answer: 3

Question? What happens if a specific kind of protein is not continually used by a cell?

Answer: The gene for that protein is turned on & off at different times.

Question? Watson & Crick developed a widely accepted model of DNA. What was its shape/design called?

Answer: Double helix

Question? What 2 processes must happen before two strands of DNA can separate for replication?

Answer: Hydrogen bonds must break Molecule must unwind

Question? What is this structure? What is its function?

Answer: tRNA It carries amino acids to the ribosomes

Question? What determines the type of amino acid that bonds with the tRNA?

Answer: Anticodon