Dr. Bill Vicars ASL Linguistics

A bit of review…

Adding a movement segment between signs is:

Movement Epenthesis

What is an example of Movement Epenthesis?

Example: The meaningless movement that is inserted between FATHER and STUDY when signing those two words.

Shortening the holds when two signs occur in sequence:

HOLD REDUCTION

What is an example of HOLD REDUCTION?

Hold reduction happens any time a sign normally has a hold but you get rid of it because you are stringing words together. What are some examples?

Hold reduction examples: WHY NOT vs “WHY-NOT?” GOOD IDEA vs “GOOD-IDEA!”

Segments of some signs can change places. What is that called?

Metathesis

What is an example of Metathesis?

Metathesis examples: DEAF RESTAURANT HONEYMOON

What is the big word for: “A segment takes on the characteristics of a nearby segment” ?

Assimilation

Examples of assimilation?

Example of assimilation: I KNOW (using a bent hand)

The passive hand is dropped in a formerly 2-handed sign:

Weak Hand Deletion

Example?

DEER COW CAT

Quick Review: What is phonology?

Phonology is a study of the smallest contrastive units of a language.

What two types of segments are signs segmented into?

Signs are segmented into holds and movements.

During the hold portion of a sign what parameters does that sign have?

Handshape Orientation Location Nonmanual

During the movement segment of a sign what parameters does that sign have?

Handshape Orientation Location (!) Nonmanual

LOUSY AWKWARD PREACH

3-MONTH 3-DOLLARS 9-WEEKS

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What is morphology?

Morphology is the study of the smallest MEANINGFUL units of language and how those units are used to build new words (or signs).

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What does it mean when we refer to a rule as a “morphological rule”? …

Calling a “rule” a “morphological rule” means that it is a description of a process that takes place at the morphological level of language. Morphological rules are the category we stick processes in when those processes involve creating or changing meaning.

Calling a “rule” a “phonological rule” means that it is a description of a process that takes place at the phonological level of language. Phonolological rules are the category we stick processes in when those processes do NOT involve creating or changing meaning.

The first contact rule, the single sequence rule, and the weak hand anticipation rule are morphological rules.

[57] “GOOD” and “NIGHT”

[58] “GOOD-NIGHT”

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[59] Movement epenthesis, hold deletion, and assimilation are phonological rules.

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[60] English: GREEN-HOUSE (Does that mean a house that is green?)

Compounds create new meanings. Example: THINK-MARRIAGE

“BELIEVE”

Review Activity

In considering phonology and morphology, which of the following signs doesn’t fit with the other on the list? [p49] a. LOUSY b. AWKWARD c. THREE-DOLLARS (In this sign, the three handshape functions as a morpheme] d. PREACH

THREE-DOLLARS (In this sign, the three handshape functions as a morpheme]

In English, adding “er” to the term “walk” to create “walker” is an example of: [p52] a. creating a process morpheme b. using a form morpheme to create a noun from a verb c. adding a free morpheme to create a process d. a compound word

In English, adding “er” to the term “walk” to create “walker” is an example of: [p52] * using a form morpheme to create a noun from a verb

In English, emphasizing or “stressing” the first syllable of the word subject instead of the second syllable, is an example of: [p52] a. using a process morpheme to create a noun from a verb b. using a form morpheme to create a noun from a verb c. adding a free morpheme to create a process d. a compound word

In English, emphasizing or “stressing” the first syllable of the word subject instead of the second syllable, is an example of: [p52] * using a process morpheme to create a noun from a verb

What types of signs differ in their movement but share the same handshape, location, and orientation? [p52] a. compound pairs b. noun-verb pairs c. form morphemes d. cheremes

What types of signs differ in their movement but share the same handshape, location, and orientation? [p52] * noun-verb pairs

The process of repetition is called: [p54] a. affixation b The process of repetition is called: [p54] a. affixation b. compounding c. lexicalization d. reduplication

The process of repetition is called: [p54] * reduplication

The process of adding bound morphemes to other forms to create new units is called: [p54] a. affixation b. compounding c. lexicalization d. attachment

The process of adding bound morphemes to other forms to create new units is called: [p54] * affixation

The use of affixation in ASL would result in the creation of a: [p54] a. form morpheme b. process morpheme c. lexicalized sign d. reduplicated sign

The use of affixation in ASL would result in the creation of a: [p54] The use of affixation in ASL would result in the creation of a: [p54] * form morpheme

Noun-verb pairs provide an example of: [p54] a Noun-verb pairs provide an example of: [p54] a. creation of a form morpheme b. creation of a process morpheme c. lexicalized signs d. compounding

Noun-verb pairs provide an example of: [p54] Noun-verb pairs provide an example of: [p54] * creation of a process morpheme

The creation of a new word by combining two free morphemes is called: [p56] a. noun-verb pairing b. affixation c. incorporation d. compounding

The creation of a new word by combining two free morphemes is called: [p56] * compounding

The first contact rule applies to: [p57] a. nonmanual markers b The first contact rule applies to: [p57] a. nonmanual markers b. compounds c. determiners d. the weak hand

The first contact rule applies to: [p57] * b. compounds

When compounds are made in ASL, internal movement or the repetition of movement is eliminated. This principle is called: [p58] a. topicalization b. reciprocity c. The single sequence rule d. segmenting

When compounds are made in ASL, internal movement or the repetition of movement is eliminated. This principle is called: [p58] * The single sequence rule

When a right handed signer signs the concept “BELIEVE,” (which is made up from the signs “THINK” and “MARRY”) his left hand is formed into a “C” handshape while the right hand is signing “THINK.” This is an example of: [p58] a. weak hand anticipation rule b. reciprocity c. The simple sequence rule d. prediction rule

When a right handed signer signs the concept “BELIEVE,” (which is made up from the signs “THINK” and “MARRY”) his left hand is formed into a “C” handshape while the right hand is signing “THINK.” This is an example of: [p58] * weak hand anticipation rule

Movement epenthesis, hold deletion, and assimilation are what kind of rules? [p59] a. Morphological rules b. Phonological rules c. Syntactic rules d. Pragmatic rules

Movement epenthesis, hold deletion, and assimilation are what kind of rules? [p59] * Phonological rules

The first contact rule, the single sequence rule, and the weak hand anticipation rule are what kind of rules [p57] a. morphological rules b. phonological rules c. syntactic rules d. pragmatic rules

The first contact rule, the single sequence rule, and the weak hand anticipation rule are what kind of rules [p57] * morphological rules

In the compound sign THINK-SAME, a movement segment is added between the final hold of THINK and the first movement of SAME. This is an example of: [p59] a. the simple sequence rule b. assimilation c. movement epenthesis d. weak hand anticipation

In the compound sign THINK-SAME, a movement segment is added between the final hold of THINK and the first movement of SAME. This is an example of: [p59] * movement epenthesis

When two signs are compounded, the noncontact holds between movements are eliminated. This principle is: [p41 & p59] a. the simple sequence rule b. assimilation c. hold deletion d. movement epenthesis

When two signs are compounded, the noncontact holds between movements are eliminated. This principle is: [p41 & p59] * hold deletion

If I do the sign BELIEVE, and at the beginning of the sign my right hand forms on somewhat of a “C” handshape (rather than the typical “1” handshape) what is taking place? [p59] a. assimilation b. sloppy signing c. accommodation d. contamination

If I do the sign BELIEVE, and at the beginning of the sign my right hand forms on somewhat of a “C” handshape (rather than the typical “1” handshape) what is taking place? [p59] * assimilation

LOOK and STRONG come together (compound) to form the sign: [p59] a LOOK and STRONG come together (compound) to form the sign: [p59] a. "believe" b. "remember" c. "far sighted" d. "resemble"

LOOK and STRONG come together (compound) to form the sign: [p59] LOOK and STRONG come together (compound) to form the sign: [p59] * "resemble"

What is the study of the smallest contrastive parts of language that do not have independent meaning? [p49] a. phonology b. morphology c. dactylology d. lexicostatistics

What is the study of the smallest contrastive parts of language that do not have independent meaning? [p49] * phonology